Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Supervisor: JAmes W. McGinity. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

A programme of work was undertaken to assess the efficacy of a new automated ad libitum feed delivery system for newly weaned pigs; to investigate the effects of liquid feeding on their performance and to explore the possibilities for reducing diet cost by using lower cost liquid components. A series of 28 day feeding trials was conducted using pigs weaned at 24 ± 4 days and fed ad libitum on liquid diets. Compared with pigs fed dry diets, liquid feeding increased feed intake by 109 ± 10 g dˉ¹ (P<0.001) and daily gain by 57± 14 g dˉ¹ (P<0.001). Pig growth and feed conversion ratio was not significantly influenced by dry matter content over the range of 255 - 149 g DM kgˉ¹. However, diets containing less than 220 g DM kgˉ¹ increased effluent output per kg of liveweight gain. Within the liquid feed system a natural lactic acid fermentation occurred which reduced diet pH ≤ 4.0 and inhibited the growth of coliform bacteria. Pigs fed diets in which pH was reduced to ≤ 4.0 by acidification with either lactic acid or Pediococcus acidilactici had daily gains of 496 and 474 ± 17 g dˉ¹ and feed conversion ratios of 1.11 and 1.15 ± 0.06 respectively. A series of laboratory studies was conducted with the aim of upgrading and controlling fermentation of food industry liquid residues for use in liquid diets for weaners. Steeping was investigated as a method for reducing glycoalkaloid levels in reject raw potatoes. A combination of natural fermentation and hydrolysis reduced the levels of α-solanine by 16.6 mg kgˉ¹ (35%) and α-chaconine by 28.7 mg kgˉ¹ (51%) respectively. Diets based on the food industry liquid residues (Whey, 'C'-Starch and Greenwich Gold), were either allowed to ferment naturally or inoculated with Enterococcus faecium or Pediococcus acidilactici. Inoculation with either Enterococcus faecium or Pediococcus acidilactici did not result in a significant difference in the final pH of the diets or in the final populations of microorganisms examined compared with the control. The series of studies demonstrated the potential for improving weaner pigs performance using fermented liquid diets. However, it highlighted the need for further studies to obtain a greater degree of control over fermentation patterns.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Document formatted into pages; contains 181 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 Nov. 24.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-193). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3045088.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Apr 27.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 163 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-123). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Chemistry and School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004. / "A dissertation in chemistry and software architecture." Advisor: Yan-Ching Jean. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 27, 2006; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-218). Online version of the print edition.

M. Pharm., Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / Chronotherapy is a form of therapy where treatment is administered according to a schedule that corresponds to an individual’s biological clock. Research demonstrates that the body’s natural processes follow a 24-hour pattern, or circadian rhythm. In addition, symptoms of disease fluctuate according to this 24-hour pattern. These diseases, termed chronotherapeutic disorders may include amongst other disorders, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and asthma. Common therapy for these disorders involves the use of controlled zero-order release formulations. Here, the same quantity of drug is released over a period of time. Although beneficial, these formulations are not ideal in the treatment of chronotherapeutic disorders. Treatment of these disorders aims to release drug at specific periods, only when it is required, such that therapy coincides with the body’s natural rhythm. Ideally, drug should be released in pulses with two or more pulses released from the dosage form. In this manner, the patient is exposed to drug only when required, reducing the number of dosages, reducing side-effects and ultimately increasing patient compliance. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a Multi-Layered Multi-Disk Tablet (MLMDT) that incorporates two drug-loaded disks enveloped by three polymeric layers. The proposed system, to be used in the treatment of chronotherapeutic disorders, is designed to provide a lag phase and then two pulses of drug release separated by a ‖switch-off‖ phase. During the ―switch-off‖ phase no drug is released from the system. Initially, preliminary screening studies were performed on various polymeric materials to assess their effectiveness to generate the desired drug release profile. Of the numerous polymer combination and ratios, only a few were relevant and were subsequently tested further. From the preliminary studies it was ascertained that the composition of disk 2 was critical in generating the ―switch-off‖ phase separating the two pulses. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN); a computational technique that simulates the thinking process of the human brain was employed for optimization. Results from this technique outlined the polymer combination suitable for the optimized MLMDT. The optimized formulations were subjected to friability, hardness and uniformity of mass analysis as well as swelling, erosion and magnetic resonance imaging techniques to observe and confirm the performance of the MLMDT during dissolution. In addition, textural analysis, computational modeling and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry techniques were used to elucidate any incompatibilities or complexes formed. In vitro drug release analysis revealed that the MLMDT generated a lag phase followed by two pulses of drug release over the 24 hour period. The two pulses were separated by a ―switch-off‖ phase. To confirm data obtained during preclinical in vitro testing, animal studies were undertaken using the Large White Pig model. Pigs were dosed with conventional products and the optimized MLMDT. Blood samples collected over a 24 hour period were analyzed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography to determine the drug concentration in blood. Drug concentration analysis from conventional products revealed increasing plasma concentrations up to 2 hours followed by a steady decline in concentration while the developed MLMDT displayed two pulse drug release separated by a ―switch-off‖ phase.