Kombinationen höga krav, låg kontroll och lågt socialt stöd leder, enligt krav-kontroll-stöd modellen, till de högsta stressnivåerna. Självledarskap ger individen möjligheten att, genom en inre kontroll, återta kontrollen och minska stressnivåerna. Genom att använda sig av självledarskapsstrategier kan individen förändra sina tankemönster och ageranden för att på så vis förhoppningsvis förbättra sin stresshantering. Studiens syfte var att studera relationen mellan självledarskap, stress och arbetets uppbyggnad. Med arbetets uppbyggnad menas här kombinationen av krav, kontroll, stöd samt tydlighet. Totalt besvarade 107 deltagare, varav 69 kvinnor, en enkät. Analyserna visade på samband mellan stress och samtliga 4 arbetsmiljövariabler (krav, kontroll, stöd samt tydlighet), vidare på positivt samband mellan självledarskapsvariabeln självbestraffning och stress samt positiva samband mellan strategigruppen naturliga belöningar och 2 av arbetsmiljövariablerna. Hypotesen, att goda självledarskapskunskaper medför bättre stresshantering, fick dock inte stöd. Det behövs ytterligare forskning för att tydliggöra sambanden mellan självledarskap, stress och arbetsmiljö, exempelvis genom experimentella studier.

<p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate if there are associations between job stress in terms of demand, control, and support and physical inactivity.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A cross-sectional design was used in this study which is based on the “Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health” (SLOSH) from 2006. SLOSH includes men and women, between 19-68 years old and from all labor markets sectors. A total of 5 141 participants sent in their survey. Indices of the components in the demand-control-support model were created and multiple regression analyses with physical inactivity as the dependent variable were performed. Adjustment for possible confounders (age, sex, marital status, children, education, physical work, computer work, working hours, shift work, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep quality and BMI) were made.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The main result showed an association between passive work (low demands and low control) in combination with poor support and physical inactivity. This result was statistically significant both unadjusted (OR: 1.38, CI: 1.12-1.71) and adjusted (OR: 1.28, CI: 1.03-1.59) for several covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that especially passive work (low demands and low control) in combination with poor support from supervisors and colleagues are associated to physical inactivity. Further research needs to establish causality.</p>

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if there are associations between job stress in terms of demand, control, and support and physical inactivity. Method: A cross-sectional design was used in this study which is based on the “Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health” (SLOSH) from 2006. SLOSH includes men and women, between 19-68 years old and from all labor markets sectors. A total of 5 141 participants sent in their survey. Indices of the components in the demand-control-support model were created and multiple regression analyses with physical inactivity as the dependent variable were performed. Adjustment for possible confounders (age, sex, marital status, children, education, physical work, computer work, working hours, shift work, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep quality and BMI) were made. Result: The main result showed an association between passive work (low demands and low control) in combination with poor support and physical inactivity. This result was statistically significant both unadjusted (OR: 1.38, CI: 1.12-1.71) and adjusted (OR: 1.28, CI: 1.03-1.59) for several covariates. Conclusion: This study suggests that especially passive work (low demands and low control) in combination with poor support from supervisors and colleagues are associated to physical inactivity. Further research needs to establish causality.

No description available.

No description available.

Stress is the most common reason for sick leave in Sweden today. The physical demands are less in today’s work life, but the psychological demands have increased, resulting in increased stress related ill-health. The aim with the current study was to gain an understanding in how individuals that has been or are on stress-related sick leave experience the social support received at the work place and where they experienced that the primary responsibility for the sick leave was. Nine participants from self-help groups for stress was interviewed with a qualitative hermeneutic approach. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with van Manen’s (1990) “selective or highlighting approach”. The analysis was grounded in four research questions; causes of stress-related sick leave, perceived responsibility for the sick leave, social support, and facilitating factors for returning to work. The result showed that the participants experienced lack of rewards, high demands, low control, lack of social support, insufficient recovery and denial of symptoms of stress. The participants often blamed themselves and took on the primary responsibility. The self-help groups acted as substitute for the lacking social support as well as increased the self-awareness and motivation among the participants.

<p>Finns det någon skillnad i upplevd stress hos förskolepedagoger och grundskollärare? Stress hos lärare kan definieras som en känsla av ilska, spändhet, frustration eller depression. Enligt Krav- kontroll-stödmodellen mår de som har jobb med höga krav, låg kontroll och dåligt socialt stöd sämst på jobbet. En kvantitativ studie har gjorts där enkäter delats ut till lärare på förskolan och grundskolan i en mindre ort i Sverige. Data jämfördes sedan med data från en större ort i Sverige. Resultatet visar att det inte finns någon skillnad i upplevd stress mellan förskolepedagoger och grundskollärare. Det finns olika faktorer, såsom krav, kontroll, stöd, socialt klimat och roller, inom skolan och förskolan som påverkar stress.</p> / <p>Is there a difference in perceived stress between pre-school teachers and compulsory school teachers? Teacher stress is defined as emotions such as anger, tension, frustration or depression. According to the Demand-Control- Support Model, individuals working with high demands, low control, and poor social support, are experiencing the lowest well-being at work. A quantitative study was conducted where questionnaires were handed out to teachers in pre-school and compulsory school in a minor town in Sweden. Data was later compared to data from a larger town in Sweden. Results show that there are no differences in perceived stress between pre-school and compulsory school teachers. There are different factors, such as demand, control, support, social environment and roles, within school and pre-school that has impact on stress.</p>

Finns det någon skillnad i upplevd stress hos förskolepedagoger och grundskollärare? Stress hos lärare kan definieras som en känsla av ilska, spändhet, frustration eller depression. Enligt Krav- kontroll-stödmodellen mår de som har jobb med höga krav, låg kontroll och dåligt socialt stöd sämst på jobbet. En kvantitativ studie har gjorts där enkäter delats ut till lärare på förskolan och grundskolan i en mindre ort i Sverige. Data jämfördes sedan med data från en större ort i Sverige. Resultatet visar att det inte finns någon skillnad i upplevd stress mellan förskolepedagoger och grundskollärare. Det finns olika faktorer, såsom krav, kontroll, stöd, socialt klimat och roller, inom skolan och förskolan som påverkar stress. / Is there a difference in perceived stress between pre-school teachers and compulsory school teachers? Teacher stress is defined as emotions such as anger, tension, frustration or depression. According to the Demand-Control- Support Model, individuals working with high demands, low control, and poor social support, are experiencing the lowest well-being at work. A quantitative study was conducted where questionnaires were handed out to teachers in pre-school and compulsory school in a minor town in Sweden. Data was later compared to data from a larger town in Sweden. Results show that there are no differences in perceived stress between pre-school and compulsory school teachers. There are different factors, such as demand, control, support, social environment and roles, within school and pre-school that has impact on stress.

According to recent nationwide surveys there have been dramatic increases in stress and serious stress-related health problems among Swedish adolescents. The aims of the present thesis were to investigate the prevalence of perceived chronic stress among sixteen-year-old adolescents who attended their first year at high-ranking high schools in the Stockholm area, to examine if factors that have been found to be relevant in the development of chronic stress among adults also contribute to chronic stress among adolescents, and to investigate the associations between chronic stress and sleep-related variables and academic achievement. Data were collected by means of self-report instruments. The main outcomes showed that a substantial number of individuals (30%) reported to perceive severe stress symptoms. The highest degree was perceived by 8% who suffered from symptoms to an extent which otherwise only has been observed among adult clinical burnout patients. Besides, 15% reported severe stress symptoms throughout high school and were thus considered to suffer from chronic stress. Perceived high demands, low global self-esteem, sleep disturbances and low social support were crucial factors in explaining stress symptoms. Another finding showed that perceived chronic stress was associated with adolescents’ academic achievement. A closer look at the potential contribution of sleep-related variables to academic achievement revealed further that, apart from severe stress symptoms, social jetlag was involved in predicting variation in academic achievement. Overall, the findings indicated that there is a high prevalence of chronic stress among adolescents. The results should be taken seriously, as young people’s sense of well-being during this period impacts both their successful transition into adulthood and their life course. Future research options and potential practical applications in terms of chronic stress prevention were suggested and discussed. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted.</p>

Förändringar på arbetsmarknaden på grund av nedskärningar och effektiviseringar har för individen inneburit mer ansvar, tyngre arbetsbörda och högre krav i arbetsuppgiften. Med denna utveckling har stressrelaterade sjukdomar ökat i Sverige de senaste åren. Det framkommer att det sociala stödet kan fungera som en hälsofrämjande resurs i förhållande till graden av arbetsrelaterad stress. Vidare kan en hög belastning i arbetslivet och i privatlivet kan ha en negativ effekt och bidra till en högre skadlig stressnivå. Syftet med studien är därefter att undersöka i vilken utsträckning socialt stöd och dubbelbelastning kan kopplas till arbetsrelaterad stress. Resultatet har analyserats med teoretisk ansats utifrån Krav-kontroll-stödmodellen och socialt stöd som hälsofrämjande resurs. För att undersöka sambandet mellan socialt stöd och dubbelbelastning i förhållande till arbetsrelaterad stress tillämpades en kvantitativ enkätstudie. Insamlad data analyserades i univariata samt multivariata linjära regressionsanalyser. Analysen visade inte att arbetsrelaterad stress hade något signifikant samband med socialt stöd i arbetslivet, i privatlivet och dubbelbelastning. Dock framkom det att kön var associerat med graden av arbetsrelaterad stress. / Changes in the labor market because of downsizing and efficiency improvements for the individual meant more responsibility, workload and the increasing demands of the job. With this development, stress-related diseases have increased in Sweden in recent years. It appears that social support can serve as a health resource in relation to the degree of work-related stress. Furthermore, a high load at work and in private life may have an adverse effect and contribute to a higher distress levels. The purpose of this study is then to examine the extent to which social support and the double burden can be linked to work-related stress. The results have been analyzed with the theoretical approach based on the Demand-Control-Support model and social support that health promotion resource. To examine the relationship between social support and the double burden in relation to work-related stress a quantitative survey has been applied. Collected data were analyzed in univariate and multivariate linear regression analyzes. The analysis revealed that work-related stress had no significant correlation with social support at work, in private and double load. However, it emerged that gender was associated with the rate of work-related stress.