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In the postwar period Swedish communities have become more multicultural. Although there are about 120,000 Finnish immigrant children below the age of 18 in Sweden, knowledge about their dental health is rather sparse. Dental health and related factors were studied in Finnish immigrant children aged 5,8 and 14 years, living in the city of Luleå, northern Sweden. The effect of early dental health education to parents at the Child Health Centres was studied in one age group in Luleå and in one in the municipality of Botkyrka, Stockholm county. All groups of Finnish children were compared to Swedish children matched for age, sex and social class. At the age of 5 the prevalence of dental caries was higher than in Swedish control children. At the age of 8, this difference persisted, but was less pronounced in the permanent than in the primary dentition. The net mean caries increment between 5 and 8 years of age was 11.2 in the Finnish group compared to 7.4 in the Swedish. The proportion of children selected for individual prophylaxis and the time used between age 5 and 8 did not differ between the Finnish and the Swedish groups. In the Finnish teenagers, the prevalence of dental caries was higher than in the Swedish teenagers. Periodontal health was equally good in all age groups of Finnish and Swedish children. The difference in caries prevalence between the two groups was mainly explained by a more frequent between-meal eating and a higher intake of sucrose-containing products between meals in the Finnish children. Even though they had been included in organized dental care with individual prophylaxis, this was obviously not enough to guarantee them as good a dental health as in the Swedish children. Flourides were used to an equal extent in the Finnish and Swedish groups. Toothbrushing was less frequent in all Finnish age groups than in the Swedish controls. The Finnish parents were less convinced than the Swedish about their ability to influence the child’s dental health, and more Finnish than Swedish parents also found it necessary to visit a dentist only when they had toothache. The Finnish teenagers who had received almost twice as many hours of individual prophylaxis as the Swedish, knew less about the etiology of dental caries but equally much about the etiology of gingivitis. The best result of early dental health education to parents, evaluated by comparing prevalence of dental caries of the children at the age of 3, was obtained when information was given three times in Finnish. If information in the mother tongue cannot be offered, an extra session of information in Swedish can also benefit the dental health of the child. / <p>S. 1-42: sammanfattning, s. 43-115: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

The problem of the study was the effect of fear-arousing communications upon junior high school students' cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses within the context of a dental hygiene program. Analysis of the data revealed that the personal performance scores, were initially, significantly (p <= .05) different for the recommendations and low-fear groups. They had cleaner teeth. The recommendations elicited the most positive change, and this extended for a longer period of time. There were no significant differences in any of the other variables. The results were more questionable in cases where threat appeals were used for volunteer subjects. Fear messages elicited less positive change and were seen as being unnecessary in teaching dental hygiene. Behavior, cognition, and emotion, as components of an attitude, were explained as being idependent in threat-appeal research where behavior may change but not attitudes.

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

A research report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Dentistry) In the Department of Paediatric and Restorative Dentistry School of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg / A Clinical Audit: Dental Treatment Needs and Treatment Received by 12 and 15 year old children who attended the WITS Dental Hospital during the period January 2006 to December 2010. Background The majority of children and adults are affected by dental caries and its sequelae in South Africa. Children, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in particular, continue to experience a high burden of dental caries. Objectives - To determine the number and profile of 12 – year – old and of 15 – year – old patients who attended the Wits Dental Hospital during the period of January 2006 to December 2010. - To determine the dental treatment needs of the two index age groups, including caries prevalence and the teeth affected by caries. - To determine the treatment received during this period. - To determine the time taken to complete the treatment needed and the number of patient visits required. - To determine the obstacles to receiving or completing the prescribed treatment. xii | P a g e Subjects and Methods The study was based on a retrospective review of the dental treatment records of 12 – year – old and 15 – year – old children attending the WITS Dental Hospital during the period January 2006 to December 2010. The study was based on children treated in the dental chair and did not include children treated under general anaesthetic. A total of 143 dental treatment records were retrieved , but only 62% (89) of the records met the specified study requirements – (39 for 12 yr olds and 50 for 15 yr olds). Extracted data was recorded by the researcher onto specifically – formulated data capture sheets. Processing and analysis of data was carried out with SPSS for Windows, Version 13 . Chi – square tables were constructed for comparison of proportional distributions. Exact and Monte Carlo test statistics were calculated to identify significant relationships. Results The mean DMFT for the 12 – year – old age group was 3.0 . The DT accounted for 76.6% of the DMFT , the MT for 23.33% and the FT was nil. The mean DMFT for the 15 – year – old age group was 3.8. The DT accounted for 92.1% of the DMFT , the MT for less than 10% and the FT was nil. There is an increase in dental caries from 12 – year – old to 15 – year – old patients. Carious teeth are left untreated. Restorative dental treatment levels are low. Low levels of completed treatment plans noted. Conclusion The rise in dental caries from the 12 – year – old group to the 15 – year – old group, together with high levels of untreated caries and low levels of restorative dental xiii | P a g e treatment indicate the need to improve the oral health of school children. Evidence – based oral health prevention and promotion strategies must guide oral health policy planning, so that supportive environments are created and sustained to facilitate healthy choices and maintain optimal oral health.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island ethnic groups are marking up an increasingly larger proportion of New Zealand�s population. Intercanthal distance (ICD) and management of congenital and acquired deformities of the craniofacial complex. The ICD and IPD have been found to differ to establish these measurements for New zealand Maori and Samoan populations. For New Zealand Maori males the mean ICD was 32.1mm with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.6mm, and the mean IPD was 63.3mm, SD 3.8mm. For New Zealand Maori females the mean ICD was 30.7mm, SD2.7mm and the mean IPD was 60.1mm, SD2.8mm. For Samoan males the mean ICD was 33.9mm, SD2.5mm and the mean IPD 64.5mm, SD3.5mm. For Samoan females the mean ICD was 32.9mm, SD2.3mm and their mean IPD was 61.7mm, SD2.8mm. Consistent with other ethnicities New Zealand Maori and Samoan males have wider values for ICD and IPD than females respectively. New Zealand Maori measurements tend to lie within the normal values established for Caucasian populations, whilst Samoans have larger values.

Objective: To assess the knowledge of Fire Services staff regarding the management of tooth avulsion. Methods: A web-based survey was designed and sent to Fire Services staff of two local communities. Results: Of all 340 respondents, 42% previously experienced case(s) of tooth avulsion. Only 7% of the study participants had complete knowledge about tooth avulsion. The relationship between the knowledge and information previously received was statistically significant. 84% of the respondents were interested in receiving further information about tooth avulsion and on-line education was selected as the most preferred method. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the lack of adequate knowledge and training among Fire Services personnel about emergency management of avulsed tooth injuries. Fire services personnel would benefit from training regarding the management of tooth avulsion injuries, given the high likelihood of them being the first responders and encountering such emergencies.

Objective: To assess the knowledge of Fire Services staff regarding the management of tooth avulsion. Methods: A web-based survey was designed and sent to Fire Services staff of two local communities. Results: Of all 340 respondents, 42% previously experienced case(s) of tooth avulsion. Only 7% of the study participants had complete knowledge about tooth avulsion. The relationship between the knowledge and information previously received was statistically significant. 84% of the respondents were interested in receiving further information about tooth avulsion and on-line education was selected as the most preferred method. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the lack of adequate knowledge and training among Fire Services personnel about emergency management of avulsed tooth injuries. Fire services personnel would benefit from training regarding the management of tooth avulsion injuries, given the high likelihood of them being the first responders and encountering such emergencies.