Orientador: Simonides Consani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T01:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_WilsonBatista_D.pdf: 2328628 bytes, checksum: 84a6ebc2ccc7f57c27c8ec896e555096 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O propósito deste estudo foi verificar a resistência à fratura da Porcelana pura e da cerâmica de cobertura sobre casquete de três sistemas cerâmicos (metalocerâmica, In Ceram e IPS Empress 2) após ciclagem mecânica, utilizando ensaio de carregamento com carga de compressão. As coroas foram fixadas nos preparos feitos em dentes bovinos, com cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina composta ou cimento resinoso, seguindo as recomendações dos fabricantes. Após inclusão das raízes em tubos de PVC contendo resina acrílica, os preparos em forma de tronco de cone foram feitos com pontas diamantadas, em torno mecânico. Na linha marginal dos preparos foram confeccionados entalhes chanfrados, objetivando a padronização do posicionamento dos casquetes sobre o término marginal, em forma de ombro arredondado com 0,8mm de largura e paredes convergentes em 8 graus. Quinze casquetes foram confeccionados para cada um dos sistemas cerâmicos, exceto para a cerâmica pura, nos quais a aplicação da cerâmica de estratificação foi feita com auxílio de um dispositivo para padronizar a anatomia oclusal do dente. Após aplicação do glaze, a cimentação foi realizada com carga estática de 4kgf, por 1 minuto. Para simular o contato oclusal entre coroa e ponta da haste do dispositivo de carga, foram confeccionadas pontas-ativas metálicas com anatomia oclusal, de forma a não atingir o fundo da fossa e manter o paralelismo da haste. Após armazenagem em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a 60.000 ciclos, com carga de 35N e 2Hz, imersos em água destilada. O teste de resistência à fratura foi efetuado numa máquina Instron, com velocidade de 0,5mm/minuto. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância para experimentos aleatórios com fator único (fratura após fadiga). Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre os diferentes sistemas cerâmicos, em nível de 95% de probabilidade. O teste de Tukey (5%) mostrou que os valores de resistência à fratura após fadiga mecânica foram com diferença estatisticamente significativa quando o sistema IPS Empress 2 foi comparado com o In Ceram. Os valores entre Porcelana pura e In Ceram foram sem diferença estatística, sendo que a Metalocerâmica não diferiu estatisticamente dos demais sistemas / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to verify the fracture strength of coverage ceramics in relation to four ceramics systems (metalporcelain, pure porcelain, In Ceram and IPS Empress 2), utilizing compressive load trial after dynamic cycle. The crowns were fixed in complete crown preparations made in bovine teeth, with glass-ionomer cement modified by composite resin or resinous cement, following the manufacturer¿s recommendations. The teeth were embedded by root in PVC tubes comprising acrylic resin, and the crown was made with diamond points in mechanic lathe. In the marginal preparation line was made a bevel cut, with the objective of standardize the cap¿s placement upon the marginal line, in rounded shoulder with 0,8mm in width and convergent walls in 8 degrees. Fifteen copings were produced for each ceramic system, with exception for all ceramic, in which the stratification ceramic application was performed with aid of a device to standardize the occlusal tooth anatomy. After glaze application, the crown cementation was realized with 4kgf static load, for 1 minute. To simulate the occlusal contact between opposite crowns, the loading device surface was made according to the tooth occlusal anatomy. After water storage at 37°C for 24 hours, the specimens were submitted to 60,000 dynamic cycles (35N load and 2Hz) immersed in water. The fracture strength test was accomplished in an Instron machine with a crosshead speed of 0,5mm/minute. Collected data were submitted to one-way ANOVA analyzing the fracture after fatigue factor. The results showed statistically significant difference among different ceramic systems at confidence level of 95%. Tukey¿s test showed that the fracture strength values after fatigue were statistically different when IPS Empress 2 system was compared with In Ceram. The values between pure ceramic and In Ceram were with no statistically significant difference, whereas the metalceramic was with no statistically significant difference when compared to other systems / Doutorado / Materiais Dentarios / Doutor em Materiais Dentários

Orientador: Giselle Maria Marchi Baron / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T18:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Voltarelli_FernandaRegina_M.pdf: 2059410 bytes, checksum: 22cefbd92cd0c4d2a5e932fba114a277 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tipo de fonte de luz (Halógena/HAL, Diodos Emissores de Luz/LED, Laser de Argônio/LAS e Arco de Plasma/PAC) e dos meios de envelhecimento sobre a microdureza das superfícies de topo e base de cilindros de resina composta com 4mm de altura. Para este estudo foram confeccionados 200 corpos de prova em resina composta Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) a partir de matrizes metálicas bipartidas cilíndricas (5mm de diâmetro e 4mm de altura), divididos, aleatoriamente, em 20 grupos (n=10) de acordo com a fonte de luz e o envelhecimento empregado (Ciclagem Mecânica/CM, Ciclagem Térmica/CT, Estocagem/E, CM+CT e CM+CT+E), onde a ciclagem térmica consistiu em 1000 ciclos, com banhos de 60s a temperaturas variando entre 5 ± 2 °C e 55 ± 2°C; a ciclagem mecânica, em 200000 ciclos com 2Hz de freqüência e carga vertical de 75N e, a estocagem, em armazenamento em solução tamponada de Hank pelo período de 1 ano. O teste de microdureza Knoop (25g; 20s) foi realizado nas superfícies de base e topo de cada corpo de prova antes e após os envelhecimentos. A análise estatística (ANOVA One-way; ANOVA em esquema de parcelas subdividades; Tukey, ?=5%; Teste para dados pareados) observou interação significativa entre os aparelhos, entre os aparelhos e os envelhecimentos e entre os tempos avaliados. Tanto para base como para o topo, antes dos envelhecimentos, PAC obteve menores valores de microdureza Knoop quando comparado à HAL. Na superfície de topo, depois dos procedimentos de envelhecimento, PAC e LAS também apresentaram valores de microdureza inferiores quando comparados à HAL. Os menores valores de dureza, dentre os procedimentos de envelhecimentos testados, foram obtidos pelos corpos de prova submetidos à estocagem (CM+CT+E e E). Na superfície de base, para PAC não houve diferença entre os envelhecimentos, enquanto para HAL, LED e LAS, CM+CT+E e E obtiveram menores valores de microdureza Knoop. Quando procedimentos de CM, CT e CM+CT foram realizados, PAC obteve valores de dureza inferiores, enquanto para CM+CT+E e E não houve diferença entre as fontes de luz utilizadas. Assim, podemos concluir que a qualidade do polímero formado pelo PAC pode ter reduzido os valores de microdureza knoop obtidos tanto na base como no topo antes dos envelhecimentos e no topo, juntamente com o LAS, depois dos envelhecimentos. Dessa forma, podemos notar que HAL ainda demonstra adequada polimerização das resinas compostas. Além disso, podemos concluir que todos os procedimentos de envelhecimento influenciaram adversamente as amostras confeccionadas com PAC, e que os procedimentos de estocagem (CM+CT+E e E) foram os procedimentos de envelhecimento que mais afetaram os valores de microdureza Knoop, apresentando-se prejudiciais para todas as fontes de luz / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the light-curing devices (Halogen/HAL, Light Emitting Diodes/LED, Argon Laser/LAS and Plasma Arc/PAC) and aging procedures on the microhardness of bottom and top surfaces of resin composite cylinders with 4mm height, submitted to thermal and mechanical cycles, and one year storage. For this study 200 specimens of Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) were prepared from metallic molds, and randomly allocated in 20 groups (n=10) according to the light source and the aging procedure employed (Mechanical Cycling/CM, Thermal Cycling/CT, Storage/E, CM+CT and CM+CT+E). The thermal cycling consisted of 1000 cycles (5±2C/55±2C)oo, the mechanical cycling in 200000 cycles (75N/2Hz), and the storage procedure in one year of storage in Hank solution. The microhardness test on bottom and top surfaces (25g/20s) was performed before and after the aging process. The statistical analysis (repeated measures of variance analysis and non parametric test) showed significant interaction between the devices, between the devices and the aging process, and also between the evaluated times. For base and top surfaces, before the aging procedures, PAC demonstrated reduced polymerization effectiveness when compared to HAL. In the top surface, after the aging procedures, PAC and LAS had also presented reduced polymerization effectiveness when compared to HAL. The lower hardness values, among the aging procedures tested, had been showed by the specimens submitted to storage (CM+CT+E and E). In the base surface, PAC did not presented differences between the aging procedures, while for HAL, LED and LAS, CM+CT+E and E had reduced the microhardness values. When CM, CT and CM+CT had been performed, PAC showed reduced polymerization effectiveness, while for CM+CT+E and E there was no difference between the light sources. Thus, we can conclude that the quality of the polymer formed by PAC reduced the microhardness values on the base and top surfaces before the aging process, and in the top surface after the aging procedures. It should be noted that HAL still demonstrate an adequate polymerization of resin composite. Moreover, we can conclude that all the aging procedures had been harmful for the samples confectioned with PAC, and that the storage procedures (CM+CT+E e E) were the aging procedures that had affected more the Knoop microhardness values, presenting themselves as harmful for all the light sources / Mestrado / Dentística / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Orientador: Simonides Consani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T19:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_KarlaMychellyneCosta_D.pdf: 952044 bytes, checksum: c22646f62ea3f107be3edac38b3a31ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A tensão de contração da polimerização é uma característica indesejável e inevitável das restaurações adesivas. É importante entender a distribuição da tensão para melhorar a efetividade clínica das restaurações de resina composta. Capítulo 1: o objetivo foi avaliar a tensão de contração da polimerização e o grau de conversão de um compósito resinoso com diferentes modos de ativação e densidades de energia. O compósito Z350 foi inserido no orifício central do disco de resina fotoelástica e fotoativado com LED (Bluephase-2) com densidade de energia de 12, 24 ou 36 J/cm2 usando os seguintes protocolos de fotoativação: contínuo de alta intensidade (HI: 1200 mW/cm2 por 10, 20 ou 30 s), contínuo de baixa intensidade (LI: 650 mW/cm2 por 18, 36 ou 54 s) e soft-start (SS: 150 mW/cm2 por 5 s + 1200 mW/cm2 por 9, 19 ou 29 s) (n=5). A tensão de contração de polimerização foi avaliada por meio de análise fotoelástica e o FTIR foi usado para análise do grau de conversão imediatamente e 24 horas após a ativação. ANOVA 3-fatores foi usado para avaliar os principais efeitos e as interações correspondentes, depois ANOVA 2-fatores foi realizado para cada tempo (p<0,05). As imagens mostraram que a tensão aumentou quando maior densidade de energia foi usada. A tensão não foi estatisticamente significante entre os métodos de ativação de alta e baixa intensidade. O método soft-start gerou tensões menores do que os modos contínuos quando 12 J/cm2 usado. O grau de conversão do modo soft-start foi estatisticamente menor que os modos de alta e baixa intensidade. Não foram encontradas diferenças no grau de conversão entre as doses de energia testadas. Pode-se concluir que a tensão de contração foi influenciada pela dose de energia e pelos protocolos de polimerização. O grau de conversão não foi influenciado pelo aumento das densidades de energia. Capítulo 2: O objetivo foi avaliar a tensão de contração criada em modelos fotoelásticos usando diferentes técnicas de inserção do compósito. Vinte réplicas de dentes em resina fotoelástica com cavidade classe II foram obtidos e distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=5) de acordo com as seguintes técnicas restauradoras: inserção horizontal (H), inserção oblíqua (O), compósito fluido + inserção horizontal (F+H), compósito fluido + inserção oblíquoa (F+O). Os modelos restaurados foram analisados por meio de polariscópio plano. A tensão ao longo de 7 áreas da interface adesiva foi analisada a partir das imagens obtidas após inserção de cada incremento e 24h após a fotoativação. Os valores de tensão máxima foram submetidos a ANOVA 2-fatores, seguido pelo teste de Tukey (p<0.05). As técnicas de inserção horizontal e oblíqua apresentaram diferenças no padrão de tensão. Apesar disso, nenhuma diferença no valor de tensão entre as técnicas horizontal e oblíqua foi encontrada. Os grupos com resina fluida mostraram maior tensão que aqueles restaurados apenas com compósito convencional / Abstract: Polymerization shrinkage stress is an undesirable and inevitable characteristic of adhesive restorations. It is important to understand the stress distribution to improve the clinical effectiveness of resin composite restoration. Chapter 1: The aim was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and degree of conversion of a resin composite material submitted to different photoactivation protocols. A bulk increment of composite Filtek Z350 was placed in the central perforation of photoelastic disc and photoactivated using LED-based curing unit (BluePhase II) with energy density of 12, 24 or 36 J/cm2 using the following photopolymerization protocols: continuous high intensity (HI: 1200 mW/cm2 during 10, 20 or 30 s), continuous low intensity (LI: 650 mW/cm2 during 18, 36 or 54 s) and soft-start (SS: 150 mW/cm2 during 5 s + 1200 mW/cm2 during 9, 19 or 29 s) (n=5). Photoelastic analysis was used to evaluate polymerization shrinkage stress of composite and FTIR was performed to access the degree of conversion of composite according to the curing modes. Statistical test ANOVA 3-way was used to determine the main effects and the corresponding interactions, then ANOVA 2 way was performed for each time (p<0.05). The images showed that polymerization shrinkage stress increases with higher values of power density. No significant differences should be noticed on polymerization shrinkage stress between high and low intensity modes of activation. Soft-start method generates stresses that were statistically lower than continuous modes except when 12 J/cm2 was applied. Similar degree of conversion was observed for photoactivation modes used, except for soft-start mode with 12, 24 and 36 J/cm2 that showed lowest levels of conversion. It could be concluded that polymerization shrinkage stress was significantly influenced by energy density and the curing protocol. No benefits on degree of conversion were observed by increasing the energy density. Chapter 2: The aim was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress created in tooth photoelastic models using different filling techniques. Twenty class II tooth models were obtained. They were distributed into four experimental groups (n=5) according to the following restorative techniques: resin composite with horizontal insertion (H), resin composite with oblique insertion (O), flowable composite + resin composite with horizontal insertion (F + H) and flowable composite + resin composite with oblique insertion (F + O). Restored photoelastic models were analyzed using a plane polariscope. The stress along seven points of adhesive interface was analyzed from images of each insertion, at the baseline (immediately) and 24 h after polymerization. Maximum shear stress data was obtained and submitted to ANOVA 2-way, followed by Tukey's post hoc test at p = 0.05. Horizontal and oblique techniques have shown differences in stress patterns. No difference between horizontal and oblique techniques was found. Groups restored with flow composite showed significant higher stress levels than those restored only with regular composite. In conclusion, the use of flow composite created higher polymerization stress effects on the class II restoration than does the conventional restoration technique / Doutorado / Materiais Dentarios / Doutor em Materiais Dentários

Orientador: Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T04:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Konno_AlyssonNoriyukiKajishima_D.pdf: 24874523 bytes, checksum: 97658ba2fa404bf2656d8ae6fbe35807 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O propósito desse estudo foi avaliar a resistência da união dentina¿compósito restaurador dos sistemas adesivos Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) e Adper Single Bond (SB), através de 4 tipos de ensaios mecânicos: cisalhamento, tração, microcisalhamento e micro-tração. Para tanto, foram utilizados 52 incisivos bovinos que tiveram as coroas incluídas em resina de poliéster em tubos de PVC de 2cm de diâmetro interno, cujas faces vestibulares ficavam expostas em 1mm para que fosse permitido desgaste com lixas de granulação 180 e 400 sob refrigeração a água para expor o tecido dentinário. Para o ensaio de cisalhamento (CIS), foi delimitada uma área circular de 4mm de diâmetro na qual foram aplicados os sistemas adesivos. Um cilindro de compósito restaurador (Z250) de diâmetro igual ao diâmetro da área de união e altura de 5mm foi construído para o ensaio mecânico. O carregamento foi realizado à velocidade de 0,5mm/min. com o uso de uma tira metálica de 5mm de largura que envolvia todo o corpo-de-prova. Para o ensaio de tração (TR), o corpo-de-prova foi confeccionado com o uso de uma matriz metálica na qual um orifício interno de formato tronco-cônico com base maior de 6mm e menor de 4mm foi preenchido com compósito restaurador (Z250) e aderido na superfície pela base menor. O ensaio mecânico foi realizado à velocidade de 0,5mm/min e o carregamento foi realizado com o uso de um dispositivo metálico que envolvia o corpo-de-prova. Os corpos-de-prova para micro-cisalhamento (µ-CIS) foram realizados com o uso de tubos de Tygon (TGY-030) com diâmetro interno de 0,7mm e altura de 0,4mm na qual foi inserido compósito restaurador (Filtek Flow). O carregamento foi realizado com fio ortodôntico de 0,3mm de diâmetro que envolveu o cilindro de compósito próximo à área de união, à velocidade de 0,5mm/min. O teste de micro-tração (µ-TR) foi realizado com o uso de corpos-de-prova, nos quais se realizou um bloco de compósito restaurador (Z250) com 5mm de altura aderido à superfície dentinária e após seccionados de modo a obter corpos-de-prova em forma de palito com área seccional de 1mm². No ensaio mecânico, realizado à velocidade de 0,5mm/min, esses corpos-de-prova eram fixados em dispositivo metálico ligado á máquina de teste com o uso de cola de cianoacrilato (Super Bonder Gel). Os resultados mostram que o sistema CSEB apresentou valores de resistência maiores e estatisticamente diferentes (p>0,05) quando comparados ao sistema Adper Single Bond (CSEB/CIS=6,35MPa; SB/CIS=3,02MPa; CSEB/TR=12,43MPa; SB/TR=7,11MPa; CSEB/µ-CIS=36,52MPa; SB/µ-CIS=26,39MPa; CSEB/µ-TR=30,10MPa; SB/µ-TR=21,08MPa). O sistema CSEB apresentou falhas mistas/coesivas em dentina em todos os tipos de ensaio mecânico. O sistema SB apresentou falhas adesivas na maioria dos ensaios mecânicos / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentin-restorative composite strength of 2 adhesive systems Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) and Single Bond (SB) using 4 different tests: Shear , Tensile, Micro-shear and Micro-tensile tests. 52 bovine incisors were used in this study which were cut and embedded in PVC tubes (20mm internal diameter, 40mm height) with polyester resin. Buccal surfaces were flattened with sandpaper grit number 180 and 400 under water refrigeration. For the shear bond (SH) strength tests, a circular area of 5mm in diameter was delimited and adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. A composite cylinder (Z250) of 4mm diameter and 5mm height were built in the area. The loading occurred on Instron testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. using a metallic tape which evolved the cylinder. The tensile test (TEN) were run used samples made with use of a conical shape - metallic mould with 6mm and 4mm in diameter on the edges. The smaller edge was positioned on the surface and a composite put in its internal portion. The loading were carried out at crosshead speed of 0.5mm using a metallic device which evolved the sample. The microshear tests (µ-SH) were carried out using composite samples of 0.7mm in internal diameter in 0,4mm height, built by the use of Tygon tubes (TGY-030). Loading were carried out at crosshead speed of 0.5mm using an orthodontic wire loop (0.3mm). The micro-tensile tests (µ-TEN) were run using sticks with 1mm² of cross seccional area. These sticks were adhered to an testing device using cyanoacrilate glue (Super Bonder Gel) and tested using an Instron testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Data showed that CSEB bonding system had higher values with statistical significance for all tests compared to SB bonding system (p>0.05) (CSEB/SH=6.35MPa; SB/SH=3.02MPa; CSEB/TEN=12.43MPa; SB/TEN=7.11MPa; CSEB/µ-SH=36.52MPa; SB/µ-SH=26.39MPa; CSEB/µ-TEN=30.10MPa; SB/µ-TEN=21.08MPa). The CSEB showed cohesive and mixed failure for all tests. SB bonding system showed adhesive failure for the most tests / Doutorado / Materiais Dentarios / Materiais Dentarios

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / The use of provisional acrylic crowns is common practice with prosthodontic treatment. Provisional crowns are prone to marginal leakage and poor retention due to weak interim cements. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the application of two different dentine-bonding agents on the microleakage of provisional crowns. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The objectives of this study were to create an in vitro situation which closest resembled the clinical situation by inclusion of human dentine discs at a specified anatomic location as barrier and evaluating if comparable or graded perfusion could be identified as well as whether a link existed between dentine thickness and permeability. The other leg of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Xeno III, one of the newly released new generation dentine bonding agents and to evaluate its cytotoxicity in an in vitro pulp chamber device, determining which thickness of dentine would be able to protect the dental pulp from noxious substances in the bonding agent. / South Africa

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Health Sciences: Dental Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / The poor mechanical properties of denture base acrylic resins can cause dentures to fracture either through impact or stress fatigue. Various metal reinforcing materials such as powders, nets, plates and wires together with synthetic fibres are therefore used to improve the strength properties of denture base acrylic resins. Despite their benefits, they are difficult to apply during fabrication, are costly, non-recyclable, and not environmentally friendly. The suitability of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) as a fibre reinforcement material for denture base acrylic resins was therefore investigated. A quantitative research paradigm and a two-phased experimental research design was used. The preliminary study used Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) to assess the characteristics of, and the effect of, mercerisation on H. sabdariffa fibres. In determining the suitability of H. sabdariffa fibres, fibre diameter, fibre density, moisture content and absorption were examined. The main study investigated the mechanical and physical properties of two sample groups namely: the unreinforced (control) group and the H. sabdariffa fibre-reinforced (test) group denture base acrylic resins. The flexural strength, impact strength, specific wear rate, hardness and water absorption behaviour were determined in line with ASTM D 790 and D 256, G 99, D 2583 and D 570 methods of testing, respectively. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to analyse the mean differences (p = 0.05) between the unreinforced and the H. sabdariffa fibre-reinforced denture base acrylic resins. The preliminary study revealed that H. sabdariffa fibres favourably compared to other lignocellulosic fibres in terms of fibre diameter, fibre density, water content and absorption behaviour. In the main study, a t-test revealed that there were significant differences in flexural strength at 0oC (p < 0.0001) and at 65oC (p < 0.0025) between the two sample groups. Similarly, there were significant differences in the impact strength between the two sample groups at 0oC (p < 0.031) and at 65oC (p < 0.0001). In contrast to the 200g load, there were significant differences (p < 0.044) in the specific wear rate of the unreinforced and the H. sabdariffa fibre-reinforced denture base acrylic resins at the 500g load. The hardness values revealed no significant differences (p > 0.707) between the two sample groups. There were however, significant differences (p < 0.041) in the water absorption rate between the two sample groups. Overall, the prominent features of this study showed that H. sabdariffa fibre is a suitable reinforcement fibre material for denture base acrylic resins and is in compliance with ISO 1567: 1999. Although this study found that H. sabdariffa fibres can be used as reinforcement material for denture base acrylic resins, the results cannot be generalised to clinical conditions, therefore in vitro and in vivo investigations are recommended. / M

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The demand for posterior aesthetic restorations has dramatically increased in recent years. Several new materials have been developed with improved aesthetic, adhesive and mechanical properties. However, microleakage elimination, especially if the margins are on dentine or cementum, and attainment of optimum mechanical properties for posterior use, are still questionable. The aim of this study was to investigate microleakage and surface microhardness of a nanofilled, a nanohybrid and an ormocer based nano-ceramic composite restorative material. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Amalgam bonding agents have been shown to enhance retention of amalgam restorations by mechanical means. However, recent studies showed that the use o glass ionomer cements and resin cements as lining and bonding materials to amalgam restorations will increase the retentive strength of the amalgam restorations, hence reducing the micro leakage and secondary caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative retentive strength of conventional amalgam restorations and bonded amalgam restorations using resin adhesive, glass ionomer cements and resin cements. / South Africa

Objective: To compare the translucency of six different porcelains indicated for veneers, with various shades and opacities. Methods: 13mm diameter and 0.7mm thickness discs were fabricated for the following porcelains (A1 shade; n=5): Empress Esthetic (EE), e.maxPress (EP), InLine (IL) (Ivoclar Vivadent); VITA PM9 (VPM), Vitablocks MarkII (VMII) (Vita Zahnfabrik); Kavo Everest G-Blank (KEG) (KaVo Dental GmbH) and Lava Zirconia (LZ) (3M ESPE). IL and LZ respectively served as positive and negative controls. Groups with different shades (BL2, BL4, A1, B1), as well as high (HT) and low translucencies (LT), were fabricated for e.maxPress. The luminous reflectance (Y) and color coordinates (CIE L*a*b*) were measured with a colorimeter (CIE illuminant D65, 2-degree observer function) with the specimens placed on black and white backgrounds. Contrast ratios (CR = YB/YW) and translucency parameters (TP= [(LB* - LW*)2 + (aB* - aW*)2 + (bB* - bW*)2 ]1/2) were calculated. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's HSD tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). Results: Statistically significant differences in CR and TP were found among porcelains (P < .0001). The CR means in order of decreasing translucency were: VPM (0.15) > VMII (0.24), IL (0.25), KEG (0.26) > EP HTB1 (0.32), EE (0.34) > EP HTA1 (0.37), EP HTBL4 (0.37) > EP HTBL2 (0.43), EP LTA1 (0.47) > LZ (0.73). The TP means in order of decreasing translucency were: VPM (40.34) > VMII (33.66), KEG (33.52), IL (32.44) > EP HTB1 (27.96), EE (27.64) > EP HTA1 (26.59), EP HTBL4 (26.14) > EP HTBL2 (22.70), EP LTA1 (21.35) > LZ (10.43). Translucency of conventional feldspathic porcelain was comparable to that of machinable feldspathic porcelain. Pressable feldspathic porcelain presented the greatest translucency. Shade and thickness influenced lithium disilicate porcelain translucency. Conclusion: Various ceramics systems designed for porcelain veneers present various degrees of translucency.