Introduction: The inflammation plays the essential role in the bone loss in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Proinflammatory cytokines and also glucocorticoids (GCs) may activate bone resorption by osteoclasts. Simultaneously, bone formation can be attenuated, especially by inhibitors of proteins, which control the osteoblast differentiation. The aim was to verify the hypothesis that in patients with highly active JIA, reduction of bone formation via Wingless (Wnt) proteins inhibitors - Dickkopf 1 (Dkk-1) and sclerostin could be found. Except the densitometry measurements of bone and lean mass, we assessed markers of disease activity, bone metabolism and remodeling in young adult patients with JIA before and during 2 years of anti TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) treatment, which decreases disease activity. Results: In patients with JIA before antiTNFα treatment, bone mineral density (BMD, g/cmš) was significantly reduced compared to controls. Values of BMD and body composition in JIA significantly depended on disease duration and GCs treatment. Serum concentration of sclerostin was significantly elevated in JIA compared to values in healthy controls. Values of the other monitored markers did not differ between JIA and controls. In patients with JIA, Dkk-1 correlated positively with C-reactive...

Title: Bone density in people after spinal cord injury Objective: The purpose of this paper is to determine the levels of bone mineral density in people following a spinal cord injury. The levels are measured using a DXA device and the results are subsequently evaluated. Methods: The thesis is composed of eight independent case studies. A non-standardized 14 open and closed question survey was used for quantifying purposes. Answering the questions was a necessary prerequisite for participation in the survey. The measured results of bone density and body composition were used for data analysis, together with the survey, in comparison with other studies. Results: Eight probands (four women and four men) participated in the research. Based on the obtained data, we can state that all probands (n=8) record a decrease in bone mineral density to the level of Osteopenia. Better bone mineral density measurements have not been confirmed in individuals with lower spinal cord lesions. Probands who regularly engaged in sports and daily training before spinal injuries have better results in densitometric measurements. Furthermore, it can be confirmed that probands with a past compression fracture have worse measurement results than probands without a past fracture. However, due to the low number of measured...

3 Abstract The doctor thesis is composed of two major studies, both of them focused on the mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The first part deals with the verification of the prognostic influence of Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) and of the proliferative activity in 235 patients with MCL diagnosed in 1996-2008 in the Czech Republic. This population study was performed in the collaboration with the Czech Lymphoma Study Group. The clinical data of patients were completed in April 2012. The diagnosis of MCL was confirmed by our central histopathologic examination of pretherapeutic histological samples. The median overall survival (OS) was 47 months, median progression free survival (PFS) was 22 months. We demonstrated the influence of proliferative activity, MIPI and of the therapy type (intensive/non-intensive) on OS and PFS in univariate and multivariate analysis. Using univariate analysis we showed the prognostic influence of aggressive/other cytomorphological variants of MCL, nodal/extranodal localization of primary sample and also of the variants of MIPI - s-MIPI, MIPIb and a completely new variant of MIPI - combined MIPI. The prognostic influence of growth pattern and of the results of immunohistochemical reaction with CD23, CD5 and cyclin D1 antibodies were not confirmed. The other...

The goal of this thesis is to get acquainted with methods of determining bone mineral density from appropriate tissue types in diagnostic CT data and possibly modifying or extending them in order to make the bone quality diagnosis more reliable. The thesis begins by introducing the issue of determining bone quality. Next, a method that takes cortical bone deformations into account as well as bone mineral density is introduced. Accuracy assessment based on opinion of a medical expert suggests positive outcome of future objective accuracy assessment utilizing so far unavailable base of calibrated CT data, that is needed before deployment into clinical practice. If the accuracy of the suggested method is confirmed this way, this work provides a so far absent tool for fully automatic preventive diagnostics of osteoporosis.

This thesis deals with the segmentation and classification of paraspinal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in 3D CT image data in order to use them subsequently as internal calibration phantoms to measure bone mineral density of a vertebrae. Chosen methods were tested and afterwards evaluated in terms of correctness of the classification and total functionality for subsequent BMD value calculation. Algorithms were tested in programming environment Matlab® on created patient database which contains lumbar spines of twelve patients. Following sections of this thesis contain theoretical research of the issue of measuring bone mineral density, segmentation and classification methods and description of practical part of this work.

3 Abstract The doctor thesis is composed of two major studies, both of them focused on the mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The first part deals with the verification of the prognostic influence of Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) and of the proliferative activity in 235 patients with MCL diagnosed in 1996-2008 in the Czech Republic. This population study was performed in the collaboration with the Czech Lymphoma Study Group. The clinical data of patients were completed in April 2012. The diagnosis of MCL was confirmed by our central histopathologic examination of pretherapeutic histological samples. The median overall survival (OS) was 47 months, median progression free survival (PFS) was 22 months. We demonstrated the influence of proliferative activity, MIPI and of the therapy type (intensive/non-intensive) on OS and PFS in univariate and multivariate analysis. Using univariate analysis we showed the prognostic influence of aggressive/other cytomorphological variants of MCL, nodal/extranodal localization of primary sample and also of the variants of MIPI - s-MIPI, MIPIb and a completely new variant of MIPI - combined MIPI. The prognostic influence of growth pattern and of the results of immunohistochemical reaction with CD23, CD5 and cyclin D1 antibodies were not confirmed. The other...