High-tech enterprise or Traditional enterprise, no matter to continue forever to manage, the enhancement profit, to become profitable and so on reasons, by each different form's organization transformation, achieves the transformation which and the goal the enterprise anticipated. This research is with the case study, and using ¡§Action Research¡¨ for the methodology to discuss the process factor which the influence organization transforms, its research background is as follows: 1. The case enterprise's short-term objective is to pay off the liability with all banks in two year which the debt occurred by the financial crisis's 8 years ago, the case enterprise could show a turn from loss to profit; 2. The case enterprise's organizational change plan is continuing to carry on, not already finished to discuss its final result; 3. In this research organizational change of the case enterprise is leading by its Human Resources Department, Not be top-down with its top managers. This research's objectives are: 1. To find the factors that would influence the organizational change in the back ground that organizational change is leading by Human Resource Department; 2. If the organizational change could move on after made some adjustment within the change plan? The main problems the case enterprise has includied: 1. Departmentalism; 2. The productivity concentrates in the minority product line. In this research the organizational change actions of the case enterprise includes: 1. to turn electronic division SVC department from profit center to cost center; 2. To intergrade all BU¡¦s SVC department to be a SVC Division in company; 3. To adjust the rules of Sales Quota Setting with Sales staff and leaders; 4. To change the ratio of variable salary with total compensation; 5. Promotes the new value activity. This research's result is: 1. The organization change which leading by HR department would be paied much attention and got smoothly executive when top managers have strong and consist intention. 2. The organizational change plan must be more closely to the business strategy, so can get recognition smoothly, staff get more interest and the motivaton to the organizational change, and have less resistance.

Many people assume that when the U.S. Supreme Court invalidates a federal statute as unconstitutional, the Court's decision establishes binding precedent that narrows the U.S. Congress's available options. This thesis examines whether Congress has in practice been able to effectively circumvent Supreme Court precedents while still acting consistently with such precedents in a narrow sense by not repassing an identical statute. More specifically, this work explores whether the U.S. Congress was able to repass new statutes similar to those previously invalidated by the Rehnquist Court (1986-2005). To more fully probe this issue, this study examines how often Congress has responded in such a manner, how successful Congress was in replicating the initial invalidated statute's breadth and potency, the success of the amended statute's subsequent implementation or whether the new statutes survived judicial scrutiny, and lastly, whether legislative policy goals or Court precedents prevailed. The research focused on the Rehnquist Court because it invalidated an unprecedented 34 federal statutes. This analysis found that Congress offered 11 proposals, but only repassed four statutes attempting to replicate the initial invalidated statutes. Nevertheless, in the four instances of successful reenactment, Congress was able to achieve, in practice, indistinguishable potency and breadth in two statutes and identical potency with significantly narrower breadth in one statute. This work is significant because it demonstrates that occasionally Congress has utilized available tools—in this case repassing analogous statutes—to effectively counter Supreme Court precedents. The Supreme Court is not always the exclusive or irrevocable arbitrator of constitutional controversies. / Master of Arts

Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague Institute of Sociological Studies, Department of Sociology Bc. Richard Lukáš Obstacles of improvement in pre-graduate teacher education: qualitative case study of faculty of education (Master Thesis) Consultant: doc. PhDr. Arnošt Veselý, Ph.D. Prague 2016 Abstract Institutional and organizational context of teacher training on faculties of education is not sociologically well developed topic, even though it is essential topic for the future of society. The goal of this work is to explore where are obstacles of improvement of teacher training on faculties of education in Czech Republic. I answer this question through the case study of a selected Czech faculty of education. I discovered several obstacles of improvement of teacher training by realizing interviews with faculty heads; analyzing the frames, which they use for framing their experiences with the obstacles; and analyzing the institutional context of teacher training on the selected faculty (intervention heuristic investigation). In the institutional view, the main obstacles are several external factors (e.g. state funding, role of Accreditation Commission etc.); specific history of teacher training in Czech Republic; structure of the faulty and organization of the studies there; and the...