This thesis presents the results of a detailed study of the mineralogy and paragenesis of gold at the Sunrise Dam gold deposit. The Sunrise Dam mine is the largest gold deposit in the Archean Laverton Tectonic Zone of the Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. A number of previous studies have established the geology, geochemistry and geochronology, but the nature of the gold mineralogy and distribution has remained poorly characterized. Mineralogical studies have established a paragenetic sequence consisting of five hydrothermal stages (D1, D2, D3, D4a and D4b) which are generally in accord with the major deformation events at Sunrise Dam gold deposit. The D4a stage was the dominant episode of Au deposition, followed, in importance by the D4b stage, which is characterized by more diverse ore mineralogy including base metal sulfides, sulfosalts, and telluride minerals. Based on EPMA results, native gold in D4a stage has higher purity, with a small range of Ag variations (fineness 923 ~ 977, average 945), than that of the D4b stage (fineness 596 ~ 983, average 899), in which fineness values decrease systematically in accord with mineral paragenesis, reflecting that gold deposition was from a progressively compositionally evolving hydrothermal fluid with respect to Au/Ag ratios. The occurrences of As-rich pyrites are restricted to steeply-dipping ore bodies, which are most likely structurally connected at various level by channel ways through which As-rich (D4a) hydrothermal fluid migrating upward. There is a systematic variation in composition of the tetrahedrite-group minerals ranging from Sb to As end-members with highly variable Zn:Fe ratios, which correlates with the later paragenetic stages (D3, D4a, and D4b) and mineral associations. The composition of the tetrahedrite-group minerals is useful as a petrogenetic indicator of the evolution of the hydrothermal mineralizing systems with time. A total of thirteen telluride mineral species, including two unnamed phases, were identified in the D4 veins. Among them nagyágite, the complex Pb-Sb-Au tellurosulfide is most abundant. The deposit is the second occurrence of this mineral in the Yilgarn Craton. Compositionally, nagyágite from Sunrise Dam conforms to ideal stoichiometry, with negligible As content and Au/(Au+Te) ratio of 0.325. The diverse mineralogy of the post-D4 veinlets relative to the host veins is attributed to small-scale reaction fronts established along zones of replacement. The presence of Au-Ag tellurides in D4 veins and the character of their breakdown products have implications for the gold recovery as well as for the genetic interpretation of the deposit. During the D4b stage, Au-richer telluride and Au-richer native gold mineralization formed earlier than Ag-(Au)-telluride and Ag-richer gold mineralization. Values of f(Te2) and f(S2) for the early telluride assemblages were determined at 300°C to be -10.7 to -7.8 (log fTe2) and 11.4 to -8.6( log fS2 ). The Au content of arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite from four mineralizing stages (D1, D3, D4a and D4b) was measured using in-situ LA-ICP-MS. The average Au concentration is 44.5 ppm in pyrite (n = 224) with maximum value of 3,067 ppm, and 1,483 ppm in arsenopyrite (n = 35) with maximum value of 5,767 ppm, which are the highest concentrations reported for the Yilgarn Craton. The concentrations of invisible Au in arsenian pyrite at Sunrise Dam varies with mineralizing events, mineral paragenesis, and textural type. Gold is strongly enriched in D4a stage pyrite (average 80.8 ppm) and to a lesser extent in D4b pyrite (average 16.8 ppm). Pyrite from D1 (average 3.55 ppm) and D3 (average 2.96 ppm) show much lower levels of Au enrichment. The presence of metallic Au below the Au solubility limit in the Sunrise Dam pyrite is interpreted as evidence of an epigenetic origin for Au mineralization. Small-scale remobilization during dissolution-reprecipitation (D4a) and recrystallization (post-D4b) processes resulted in the Au enrichment and the upgrading of Au during successive hydrothermal events in the deposit. The speciation of Au at Sunrise Dam and the exceptional size of the deposit are the result of multiple fluid flow and multiple Au-precipitating mechanisms over a single plumbing system.

Thesis (M.S. - Hydrology and Water Resources)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-86).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 21, 2008). Thesis director: Bryan Caplan. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Vita: p. 150. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-149). Also available in print.

Inaug.-diss.--Erlangen.

The main purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the range of small finds and other materials often found deposited in the fills and stone settings above later Iron Age graves in the Mälar region of central Sweden. This study investigates how this material, especially potsherds, burnt clay, burnt and unburnt bones and teeth, flint, ice crampons, nails, rivets and knives, were distributed in eight different grave fields in the Mälar valley. The results shows that most of this material was indeed deliberately placed on or in the graves, with different object types added to particular areas of burial monuments.

abstract: The Kinsley Mountain gold deposit of northeastern Nevada, located ~70 km south of Wendover, Nevada, contains seven sediment-hosted, disseminated-gold deposits, in Cambrian limestones and shales. Mining ceased in 1999, with 138,000 ounces of gold mined at an average grade between 1.5-2.0 g/t. Resource estimates vary between 15,000 and 150,000 ounces of gold remaining in several mineralized pods. Although exploration programs have been completed within the study area, the structural history and timing of precious-metal mineralization are still poorly understood. This study aims to better understand the relation between stratigraphy, structural setting, and style of gold mineralization. In order to accomplish these goals, geological mapping at a scale of 1:5,000 was conducted over the property as well as analysis of soil and rock chip samples for multi-element geochemistry. Using cross-cutting relationships, the structural history of Kinsley Mountain has been determined. The deformation can broadly be categorized as an early stage of compressional tectonics including folding, attenuation of the stratigraphy, and thrust faulting. This early stage was followed by a series of extensional deformation events, the youngest of which is an ongoing process. The structural history determined from this study fits well into a regional context and when viewed in conjunction with the mineralization event, can be used to bracket the timing of gold mineralization. The northwest oriented structure responsible for concentrating decalcification, silicification, and mineralization has two generations of cave fill breccias that both pre- and post-date the gold event. The statistical analysis of multi-element geochemistry for rock chip and soil samples has determined that Au is most strongly associated with Te, while weaker correlations exist between Au and Ag, As, Hg, Mo, Sb, Tl, and W. This suite of elements is associated with an intrusion driven system and is atypical of Carlin-type gold systems. From these elemental associations the gold mineralization event is thought to be controlled by the emplacement of a felsic intrusion. The responsible intrusion may be an exposed quartz monzonite to the south of the study area, as suggested by possible zonation of Cu, Pb, and Zn, which decrease in concentration with increasing distance from the outcropping stock. Alternatively, an unexposed intrusion at depth cannot be ruled out as the driver of the mineralizing system. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Geological Sciences 2012

La migration de particules fines dans un milieu poreux fait l’objet de nombreuses études dans différents domaines. Par exemple, la présence de particules fines dans les nappes phréatiques constitue des voies de transfert de polluants (e.g. bactéries, virus, métaux lourds) à travers les sols. Par ailleurs, les phénomènes complexes d’adsorption et de désorption des particules fines dans le milieu poreux sont la cause de multiples dégâts dans les systèmes hydrauliques (e.g. digues, puits pétroliers, filtres de traitements des eaux). Les particules fines forment des agrégats et se déposent autour des grains collecteurs affectant la perméabilité du milieu poreux. Ainsi, différents processus mécaniques et/ou physico-chimiques contrôlent le colmatage de la matrice poreuse. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’effet de l’hétérogénéité du milieu poreux (i.e. granulométrie, porosité) sur les phénomènes de transport et de dépôt des particules colloïdales en suspension. La finalité de ce travail est de donner un modèle prédictif de perméabilité afin de pouvoir estimer la pérennité du système. Dans ce but, une campagne d’essais expérimentaux est menée sur le suivi du transport et du dépôt des particules fines argileuses dans différents milieux naturels sableux. Ces travaux ont été réalisés dans des colonnes de laboratoire pour lesquels les conditions hydrauliques peuvent être contrôlées et où la concentration des fines à l’entrée de la colonne est imposée. Après injection des particules fines, le suivi de la matrice poreuse dans l’espace et dans le temps est réalisé en utilisant un banc gamma-densimétrique. L’évolution de la perméabilité caractérisant le colmatage du matériau est analysée par l’intermédiaire de la mesure de la chute de pression dans la colonne. Les expériences menées dans les différentes colonnes ont permis de mettre en évidence l’importance de la taille des grains et la porosité du milieu ainsi que la vitesse d’injection dans la formation du dépôt. D’après nos résultats, au début de l’essai le dépôt de particules se fait autour des collecteurs sur des sites de surface. Ensuite les ponts de liaison sont créés entre les grains collecteurs. Nous avons constaté que la première partie du dépôt est plus importante dans le cas de grains de taille importante. Afin d’interpréter les résultats de l’évolution de la perméabilité, nous avons utilisé le modèle de Kozeny-Carman, où nous avons introduit l’évolution du dépôt dans l’estimation de la surface spécifique du milieu. Ce modèle nous a permis également de prendre en compte l’hétérogénéité du milieu et l’évolution de chaque couche par l’intermédiaire des paramètres tels que la porosité et la tortuosité du milieu. Les observations microscopiques et les mesures de porosités sur les échantillons colmatés ont étayé les schémas de dépôt et de saturation des sites de rétention. Ce travail expérimental s’accompagne d’une modélisation par l’équation de convection dispersion avec un terme de puits simulé par une cinétique du second ordre. Elle met en évidence l’importance des particules déjà déposées ainsi que la porosité initiale du milieu et la vitesse d’écoulement. / The migration of fine particles in a porous medium is the subject of many studies in various fields. For example, the presence of fine particles in groundwater constitutes pathways of pollutants (e.g. bacteria, viruses, heavy metals) through the soil. Furthermore, the complex processes of adsorption and desorption of the fine particles in the porous medium are the cause of damage to multiple hydraulic systems (e.g. dams, oil wells, filters for water treatment). The fine particles form aggregates and settles around collecting grains affecting the permeability of the porous medium. Thus, various mechanical and / or physico -chemical processes control the clogging of the porous matrix. The objective of this work is to study the effect of heterogeneity of the porous medium (i.e. grain size, porosity) on the phenomena of transport and deposition of colloidal particles in suspension. The purpose of this work is to provide a predictive model of permeability in order to estimate the sustainability of the system. For this purpose, a campaign of experimental tests are conducted on the monitoring of transport and deposition of fine particulate clay in different natural environments sandy. These studies were conducted in laboratory columns for which the hydraulic conditions can be controlled and where the concentration of fines in the entry of the column is imposed. After injection of the fine particles, the monitoring of the porous matrix in space and time is carried out using a gamma - densimetric bench. Changes in permeability characterizing the clogging material is analyzed by means of the measurement of the pressure drop in the column. Experiences in the different columns have helped highlight the importance of grain size and porosity of the medium and the injection rate in the formation of the deposit. Our results at the beginning of the test particle deposition is around collectors on surface sites. Then the connecting bridges are created between the grains collecting. We found that the first portion of the deposit is larger in the case of large-sized grains. To interpret the results of the evolution of permeability, we used the Kozeny - Carman model, where we have introduced the evolution of the repository in estimating the surface area of the medium. This model also allowed us to take into account the heterogeneity of the environment and the evolution of each layer by using parameters such as porosity and tortuosity of the medium. Microscopic observations and measurements of porosity on samples clogged supported schemes and deposit saturation retention sites. This experimental work is accompanied by modeling the dispersion equation convection with a term well simulated by a second order kinetics. It highlights the importance of particles already deposited and the initial porosity of the medium and the flow velocity.

Au Maroc, de nombreux filons à Pb-Zn-Ag sont encaissés dans des séries paléozoïques recoupées par des granitoïdes tardi-varisques. L'association spatiale de ces filons avec ces intrusions magmatiques a souvent été interprétée comme la preuve d'un lien génétique entre la mise en place des granitoïdes et l'hydrothermalisme minéralisateur. Toutefois, des observations récentes permettraient d'envisager que ces minéralisations puissent être post-hercyniennes, remettant en cause les modèles génétiques, et donc les stratégies d'exploration de ces métaux. Le district polymétallique de Tighza-Jbel Aouam (Maroc central) où des minéralisations à Pb-Zn-Ag sont concentrées autour de petits stocks granitiques est un site privilégié pour étudier les relations spatio-temporelles entre les granitoïdes et les minéralisations associées. Les objectifs de la thèse ont donc été : (i) d'approfondir la minéralogie des minéralisations, (ii) d'utiliser les méthodes géochronologiques les plus pertinentes pour dater les minéralisations, (iii) d'étudier les transferts magmas-fluides-métaux depuis les zones profondes (manteau, croûte inf.) vers les zones les plus superficielles de la lithosphère, à l'aide de traceurs géochimiques. Les stocks et dykes granitiques de Tighza ont été analysés et datés par U/Pb sur zircons. Ces roches appartiennent à une lignée calco-alcaline potassique et les datations mettent en évidence trois évènements magmatiques et hydrothermaux associés: (i) entre 320 et 300 Ma, mise en place de quelques dykes et des stocks granitiques ; (ii) entre 300 et 280 Ma, mise en place d'un pluton, actuellement non affleurant, accompagné par un hydrothermalisme responsable de la formation d'une auréole de métamorphisme hydrothermal, et du développement de minéralisations à W-Au ; (iii) entre 280 et 240 Ma, mise en place d'un réseau important de dykes NE-SW, accompagné par un hydrothermalisme minéralisateur en Pb-Zn-Ag caractérisé par une altération à chlorite-muscovite-calcite des métasédiments encaissants. L'étude détaillée des paragenèses des filons à Pb-Zn-Ag a permis d'établir le caractère pulsatoire de la précipitation des minéralisations. Quatre paragenèses successives ont été identifiées : (P1) stérile à sidérite ± quartz ; (P2) à calcite ± ankérite + sphalérite + galène ± sidérite ± quartz ± calcédoine ; (P3) à sidérite + sphalérite + galène ± quartz ; (P4) stérile à quartz + calcite + pyrite. Ces assemblages minéralogiques synchrones s'accompagnent de minéraux accessoires à éléments des terres rares (monazite, xénotime, synchisite), responsables des hautes teneurs en REE des carbonates de gangue (≃ 700 ppm). Des monazites d'un filon à Pb-Zn-Ag ont pu être datées par Th/Pb à 255 ± 15. L'étude des sources des métaux (isotopes Pb) indique que le plomb des minéralisations Pb-Zn-Ag provient du lessivage de la croûte supérieure. L'étude des sources des fluides minéralisateurs en Pb-Zn-Ag indique une origine crustale (isotopes He, Ar), avec un fort effet tampon par les schistes encaissants les minéralisations (isotopes C, O). Les fluides minéralisateurs en W-Au, sont eux issus d'un mélange entre une source météorique et une source mantellique (isotopes He, Ar), et ont donc une origine distincte du système à Pb-Zn-Ag. Le gisement polymétallique de Tighza-Jbel Aouam est donc caractérisé par le télescopage de plusieurs épisodes magmatiques et hydrothermaux guidés par un accident d'échelle lithosphérique et conduisant à la formation : (i) de minéralisations W-Au mésothermales pouvant être assimilées à un type porphyre, suivies pas (ii) des minéralisations à Pb-Zn-Ag épithermales. Ces épisodes magmatiques et métallogéniques s'étalent sur une durée de près de 80 Ma à la fin de l'orogenèse varisque, et caractérisent parfaitement le contexte post-collisionnel de cet orogène, notamment les effets associés au réequilibrage thermique de la croûte pendant la période permo-triasique et le prérifting Atlantique. / In Morocco, many Pb-Zn-Ag vein-type deposits are hosted in paleozoic series crosscut by variscan granitoids. The spatial association of these veins with the magmatic intrusions has often been interpreted as evidence of a genetic link between the granitoids emplacement and the mineralizing hydrothermal event. However, recent data allow to consider a late-variscan emplacement of these mineralizations. Genetical models must thus be reviewed, as well as the exploration of these base metals strategy. The polymetallic district of Tighza-Jbel Aouam (Central Morocco), were Pb-Zn-Ag vein-type deposits are located around small granitic stocks, has been selected to study the spatial and temporal relationships between granitoids and associated mineralizations. The aims of this work have been: (i) to go further into the mineralizations mineralogy, (ii) to use appropriate geochronological methods to date the mineralizations, (iii) to study the magma-fluids-metals transfers from the deeper areas (mantle, deep crust) to the upper lithosphere, using geochemical tracers. Granitic stocks and dykes of Tighza have been analyzed and dated using U/Pb method on zircons. These rocks belong to a high-K calc-alkaline association and datations show three magmatic and associated hydrothermal events: 320 to 300 Ma, stocks with few dykes emplacement; 300 to 280 Ma, pluton emplacement with associated hydrothermal event and responsible for a hydrothermal metamorphic halo, mineralizing the W-Au ore; (iii) 280 to 240 Ma, NE-SW dykes network emplacement, associated with a Pb-Zn-Ag mineralizing hydrothermal event, characterized by a chlorite-muscovite-calcite alteration of the hosting metasediments. The detailed study of Pb-Zn-Ag veins paragenesis showed the pulsated character of the mineralization precipitations. Four successive paragenesis have been identified: (P1) siderite ± quartz; (P2) calcite ± ankerite + sphalerite + galena ± siderite ± quartz ± chalcedony; (P3) siderite + sphalerite + galena ± quartz ; (P4) quartz + calcite + pyrite. These synchrone paragenese are associated with REE-minerals (monazite, xenotime, synchisite) responsible for the high amount of REE in the gangue carbonates (≃ 700 ppm). Some monazites from a Pb-Zn-Ag vein have been dated at 255 ± 15 Ma using the Th/Pb method. The metals source study (lead isotopes) shows that the Pb of Pb-Zn-Ag mineralizations come from the upper crust leaching. The fluid sources study of Pb-Zn-Ag veins indicates a crustal origin (He, Ar isotopes) strongly buffered by the hosting shales (C, O isotopes). W-Au mineralizing fluids are stemming from a mixing of meteoric and mantellic fluids (He, Ar isotopes). W-Au and Pb-Zn-Ag are thus distinguished mineralizations. The polymetallic district of Tighza-Jbel Aouam is thus characterized by the superposition of several magmatic and hydrothermal events controlled by lithospheric scale leap, leading to the formation of: (i) mesothermal W-Au deposit which can be considered as a porphyry-type mineralization; (ii) epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization. These magmatic and metallogenic events last over 80 Ma after the end of the varican orogenesis, and characterize the post-collisional context of this orogen, in particular the effects of the thermal balance of the crust during the permo-triassic period and the Atlantic pre-rifting.

The presented master's thesis on the "Preliminary measures in civil proceedings" deals with the institute of preliminary measure in the civil procedure as a measure, which provisionally ensures the rights of natural or legal persons. The preliminary measure is used in such situations, where there cannot be awaited until the final decision in the case is issued, with regard to the threats to individual rights or with respect to the concern, that the enforcement of the court decision is threatened. The aim of this thesis is to provide the reader with the complex overview of the information about the preliminary measure, both about the so called general preliminary measure governed by the Act No. 99/1963 Coll., Code of Civil Procedure and about the so called special preliminary measures governed by the Act No. 292/2013 Coll., on Special Court Proceedings. The master's thesis is structured into five chapters. The first chapter refers to the historical development of the preliminary measure in our territory and provides general information about this institute and its purpose. The second part is focused on the general preliminary measure's issues. In this chapter, the author describes the procedure on proposal on order of this type of preliminary measure, the duration of preliminary measure and the...

This paper presents the results of a mineralogical and metallurgical study of supergene ores at the Mike Cu-Au(-Zn) deposit on the Carlin trend of Nevada, USA, currently held by Newmont Gold Corporation. With a metal endowment totaling >8.5 M oz. Au, 1027 M lbs. Cu, and 809 M lbs. Zn, Mike is one of the largest deposits on the Carlin trend, but it is currently uneconomic to develop. It contains an unusual and complicated suite of metals and ore minerals. This study was undertaken as a first step to investigate process options for recovering both its Cu and Au by 1) comparing the metal recoveries achieved from the supergene ores by six different lixiviants, and 2) identifying which minerals failed to dissolve in each lixiviant. The reagents selected were sulfuric, sulfurous, and methanesulfonic acids, to recover Cu, and cyanide, thiourea, and glycine, to recover Cu and Au. QEMSCAN and SEM study of six samples of different ore types and grades indicate that the Au occurs as varieties of native gold, including auricupride and electrum. Major Cu minerals are native Cu, cuprite, malachite, chrysocolla, and conichalcite (Ca-Cu arsenate), with locally significant Cu in jarosite and goethite. Gangue mineralogy is dominated by quartz, sericite, chlorite, alunite, smectite and kaolinite, K-feldspar, jarosite, and iron oxides. Bottle roll testing indicates that no single-step leaching process is likely to provide economic recovery of both Cu and Au. Sulfuric and methanesulfonic acid both recovered > 70% of the Cu except from the samples dominated by conichalcite, which was not leached effectively by any of the reagents tested. Only cyanide and thiourea recovered significant Au. Reagent consumption for cyanide, sulfuric acid, and methanesulfonic acid was generally within acceptable levels. Glycine and sulfurous acid are both uneconomic based on low recovery. Further work will focus on developing an economic process in two steps. Mineralogical study of QEMSCAN residue indicates that the non-leaching ore minerals are conichalcite and Cu-bearing Fe oxides. In addition, native Cu and cuprite do not leach well in glycine and chrysocolla does not leach well in thiourea or cyanide. Other observed mineralogical changes include the total loss of dolomite and partial loss of alunite and iron oxide from all samples, with apparent gains in jarosite.