Les modèles d’habitat hydrauliques sont fréquemment utilisés pour prédire les impacts écologiques de la gestion des débits des rivières. Ils couplent des modèles hydrauliques des tronçons de rivières à des modèles de "préférences" des organismes pour les conditions hydrauliques de leur microhabitat (vitesses, hauteurs, forces). Les modèles d'habitat statistiques reposent sur une modélisation des distributions en fréquence des variables hydrauliques. Ils sont simples d'utilisation mais ne sont pas applicables en l'état en milieu insulaire tropical. Nous avons développé des modèles biologiques de préférences hydrauliques de 15 taxons diadromes des îles tropicales (crevettes et poissons), ainsi que des modèles hydrauliques statistiques adaptés aux rivières à forte pente et forte granulométrie. Les modèles utilisent cinq jeux de données biologiques existants (~8350 échantillons de pêches électriques, 52 rivières) et des mesures hydrauliques originales (44 rivières, 69 station×date), collectés dans quatre îles des Caraïbes (Guadeloupe, Martinique) et de l'Océan Indien (Mayotte, Réunion), en collaboration avec des partenaires locaux. Nos modèles hydrauliques statistiques prédisent les distributions de vitesses et de hauteurs d'eau observées avec plus de précision que les modèles développés en Europe continentale. Les modèles biologiques reflètent que les contraintes hydrauliques contribuent généralement faiblement à la sélection du microhabitat en milieu tropical. Néanmoins, certains taxons montrent des préférences hydrauliques significatives et comparables entre les jeux de données. Nous illustrons l'application possible des résultats pour guider la gestion des débits / Hydraulic habitat models are frequently used for predicting the ecological impacts of flow management in stream reaches. Their hydraulic component describes microhabitat hydraulics within the reach (e.g. velocity, depth); their biological component describes the "preferences" of aquatic taxa for microhabitat hydraulics. Statistical habitat models involve the modelling of the frequency distributions of hydraulic variables in reaches. Their application requires simple data, but such models are not available for insular tropical streams. We developed hydraulic preference models for 15 diadromous taxa of tropical islands (shrimps and fishes), and statistical hydraulic models for steep streams with large bed particle size. Our models are based on five available biological data sets (~8350 electrofishing units, 52 streams) and original hydraulic measurements (44 streams, 69 site×date) collected in four islands in the Caribbean region (Guadeloupe, Martinique) and the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte), in collaboration with local partners. Our hydraulic models improve the predictions of observed velocity and depth distributions when compared with previous models developed in continental Europe. Our biological models reflect that hydraulics contribute less to microhabitat selection in tropical islands than elsewhere. Nevertheless, some taxa have significant hydraulic preferences that are comparable among data sets and we illustrate a potential application of our results for guiding low flow management in tropical insular streams

At the northern extent of the Cascadia subduction zone, the subducting Explorer and Juan de Fuca plates interact across a translational deformation zone, known as the Nootka fault zone. The Seafloor Earthquake Array Japan-Canada Cascadia Experiment (SeaJade) was designed to study this region. In two parts (SeaJade I and II, deployed from July – September 2010 and January – September 2014), seismic data from the SeaJade project has led to several important discoveries. Hypocenter distributions from SeaJade I and II indicate primary and secondary conjugate faults within the Nootka fault zone. Converted phase analysis and jointly determined seismic tomography with double-difference relocated hypocenters provide evidence to several velocity-contrasting interfaces seaward of the Cascadia subduction front at depths of ~4-6 km, ~6-9 km, ~11-14 km, and ~14-18 km, which have been interpreted as the top of the oceanic crust, upper/lower crust boundary, oceanic Moho, and the base of the highly fractured and seawater/mineral enriched veins within oceanic mantle. During SeaJade II, a MW 6.4 mainshock and subsequent aftershocks, known as the Nootka Sequence, highlighted a previously unidentified fault within the subducted Explorer plate. This fault reflects the geometry of the subducting plate, showing downward bending of the plate toward the northwest. This plate bend can be attributed to negative buoyancy from margin parallel mantle flow induced by intraslab tearing further northwest. Seismic tomography reinforces the conclusions drawn from the Nootka Sequence hypocenter distribution. Earthquakes from the entire SeaJade II catalogue reveal possible rotated paleo-faults, identifying the former extent of the Nootka fault zone from ~3.5 Ma. / Graduate