Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006- Marcio Carneiro dos Reis.pdf: 2155427 bytes, checksum: 1a939de2b1ef8a8ff4048733d1ce79f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-11 / Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The aim of this study is to contribute towards understanding the historical processes and towards conceiving strategies for the local development promotion proposing the inclusion of the Subject s Space and of the Group s Space in the Map of the Structure-Action of the Capitalist Societies in the World Space, by Boaventura Santos. The thesis that we try to demonstrate is that the social spaces were increased with the historical transformations which happened throughout last half century, amid the analysis of the passage of the national development to the local development and also the analyses of the development representations in the local plan. That expansion of the social spaces caused two effects: it exposed the readings of the history which supplied subsidies for the conception of the development strategies; and it turned the local spaces into privileged spaces to think about development. Throughout that period, the analyses start to punctuate the local attributes, the actors, their institutions and social relationships as a form to trigger local development. In doing that, these analyses emphasize the families, the communities, production forms which are not aimed at the market, forms of regulation of the social conflicts that are not embraced by the rules originated from the Territorial State and international relationships that are not limited to those established among National States and to the traditional flow of capitals and of international trade, either. To be able to deal with such complexity and to demonstrate, first, that the social spaces were increased and, then, that it is important to consider and that it is possible to detect an space for the subject and an space for the social groups, amid the expansion of those spaces, and that the perception of both it is important for the analysis of the local historical processes, we opted for developing an argument that can be divided into five parts: 1) to give evidence to the recent historical transformations that seem to us important to the discussion here established; 2) to demonstrate how those historical transformations exposed the reading of the inherent history to the theories of the development; 3) starting from those same theories, how to notice the social spaces increasing; 4) to approach the problem of the local development starting from some theoretical contributions that are devoted to the theme, in order to know if the increased social spaces have some relevance and, if they do, how they are being dealt; and 5) to propose the inclusion of the subject s space and of the group s space in the Map of Boaventura Santos' Structure-action. The importance of the consideration of those two structural spaces for the discussions on local development is due to the fact that: a) the subject was in evidence with the recent transformations, in view of the individualization process in progress nowadays; and b) there is no possibility of considering creativity of the social life without considering the subjective aspects and inter-subjective that permeate people's relationships with themselves and the relationships that they establish in the formation of the social groups. For this reason, to focus only on the objective limits of the development may not be enough to provoke the triggering of processes of local development, which should consider the inherent uncertainty to the historical processes, as well as the plurality of roads. / O estudo objetiva contribuir para a compreens?o dos processos hist?ricos e para a formula??o de estrat?gias de promo??o do desenvolvimento local propondo a inclus?o, no Mapa da Estrutura-A??o das Sociedades Capitalistas no Espa?o Mundial, de Boaventura Santos, do Espa?o do Sujeito e do Espa?o Grupal. A tese que procuramos demonstrar, em meio ? an?lise da passagem do desenvolvimento nacional para o desenvolvimento local e das representa??es do desenvolvimento no plano local, ? que os espa?os sociais se ampliaram com as transforma??es hist?ricas ocorridas ao longo do ?ltimo meio s?culo. Essa amplia??o dos espa?os sociais provocou dois efeitos: comprometeu as leituras da hist?ria que forneciam subs?dios para a constru??o de estrat?gias de promo??o do desenvolvimento; e tornou os espa?os locais espa?os privilegiados para se pensar o desenvolvimento. As an?lises, ao longo desse per?odo, passaram a pontuar os atributos locais, os atores, suas institui??es e rela??es sociais como forma de alavancar o desenvolvimento local. Ao caminharem nesse sentido, enfatizam as fam?lias, as comunidades, formas de produ??o que n?o se encontram direcionadas para o mercado, formas de regula??o dos conflitos sociais que n?o s?o abarcadas pelas regras emanadas do Estado Territorial e rela??es internacionais que n?o se encontram limitadas ?quelas estabelecidas entre os Estados Nacionais e nem pelo fluxo tradicional de capitais e de com?rcio internacional. Para dar conta dessa complexidade e demonstrar, primeiro, que os espa?os sociais se ampliaram e, depois, que ? importante considerar e que ? poss?vel detectar, em meio ? amplia??o desses espa?os, um espa?o pr?prio do sujeito e um espa?o pr?prio dos grupos sociais e que a percep??o de ambos ? importante para a an?lise dos processos hist?ricos locais, optamos por desenvolver um argumento que pode ser dividido em cinco partes: 1) evidenciar as transforma??es hist?ricas recentes que nos parecem relevantes para a discuss?o aqui realizada; 2) demonstrar como essas transforma??es hist?ricas comprometeram a leitura da hist?ria inerentes ?s teorias do desenvolvimento; 3) como, a partir dessas mesmas teorias, podemos perceber os espa?os sociais se ampliando; 4) abordar o problema do desenvolvimento local a partir de algumas contribui??es te?ricas que se dedicam ao tema, para saber se os espa?os sociais ampliados v?m tendo alguma relev?ncia e, se sim, como eles v?m sendo tratados; e 5) propor a inclus?o, no Mapa da Estrutura-A??o de Boaventura Santos, do espa?o do sujeito e do espa?o grupal. A import?ncia da considera??o desses dois espa?os estruturais para as discuss?es sobre desenvolvimento local est? no fato de que: a) o sujeito ficou em evid?ncia com as transforma??es recentes, dado o processo de individualiza??o que se encontra em curso; e b) n?o h? como considerar a criatividade da vida social sem considerar os aspectos subjetivos e intersubjetivos que permeiam as rela??es das pessoas com elas mesmas e das rela??es que elas estabelecem na forma??o dos grupos sociais. Dessa forma, focar apenas os limites objetivos do desenvolvimento pode n?o ser suficiente para provocar o desencadeamento de processos de desenvolvimento local, que deve considerar a incerteza inerente aos processos hist?ricos, bem como a pluralidade de caminhos.