International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / Shaped Offset QPSK (SOQPSK), as proposed and analyzed by Terrance Hill, is a family of constant envelope waveforms that is non-proprietary and exhibits excellent spectral containment and detection efficiency. Detection results using the filtering found in conventional OQPSK demodulators have been published for two variants of SOQPSK, namely SOQPSK-A and –B. This paper describes a method of synthesizing an optimal linear detection filter, with regard to bit error probability (BEP), and presents the resulting performance.

Résumé : En tomographie d'émission par positrons (TEP), les données sont enregistrées par la détection de paires de photons de haute énergie (511~keV) en coïncidence. Or, dans un système de détection pixélisé, comme celui des scanners LabPET, la diffusion Compton dans les cristaux voisins entraîne la détection fréquente d'événements multiples, présentement rejetés dans le processus de reconstruction des images. Ces événements multiples peuvent augmenter l'efficacité de détection du scanner de façon significative, mais il reste à démontrer que l'inclusion de ces coïncidences peut améliorer la sensibilité sans affecter les critères de qualité des images, tels que la résolution spatiale et le contraste. Le but du projet est de démontrer l'influence de l'inclusion de ces événements dans le processus de reconstruction d'images. Les méthodes à critères fixes seront utilisées pour sélectionner les coïncidences triple obtenues à partir de données simulées à l’aide du logiciel de simulation GATE (« Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission ») et de mesures réelles effectuées sur les scanners LabPET. // Abstract : In positron emission tomography, data are acquired by detecting pairs of high energy photons (511 keV) in coincidence. Thus, in a highly pixelated system such as the LabPET scanner, Compton diffusion in neighboring crystals can trigger the detection of multiple events (multiple coincidences) which are currently rejected from the reconstruction process. These multiple events can increase significantly the scanner’s detection efficiency, but it remains to be demonstrated that they can be used to increase sensitivity in the images without decreasing image quality criteria, such as the spatial resolution and contrast. The goal of this work is to demonstrate the influence of including these events in the image reconstruction process. Fixed criteria methods were used to select triple coincidences obtained from simulated data from the GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomography Emission) software and real measurements from the LabPET scanner.

Ultracold neutron (UCN) projection imaging is demonstrated using a boron-coated back-illuminated CCD camera and the Los Alamos UCN source. Each neutron is recorded through the capture reactions with10B. By direct detection at least one of the byproducts α, 7Li and γ (electron recoils) derived from the neutron capture and reduction of thermal noise of the scientific CCD camera, a signal-to-noise improvement on the order of 104 over the indirect detection has been achieved. Sub-pixel position resolution of a few microns is confirmed for individual UCN events. Projection imaging of test objects shows a spatial resolution less than 100μm by an integrated UCN flux one the order of 106 cm−2. The bCCD can be used to build UCN detectors with an area on the order of 1 m2. The combination of micrometer scale spatial resolution, low readout noise of a few electrons, and large area makes bCCD suitable for quantum science of UCN.

No description available.

Software testing is essential for quality assurance, with automated techniques such as random testing and adaptive random testing being cost-effective solutions compared to others. Adaptive random testing seeks to enhance random testing, and there is a conception that adaptive random testing always should replace random testing. Our research question investigates this conception by addressing a gap in the literature, where a comparison between the two techniques in terms of certain key metrics is missing, namely defect detection efficiency and test case generation time. Defect detection efficiency is the amount of defects detected divided by the number defects in the system multiplied by one hundred. Test case generation time is the time it takes to generate all of the test case inputs. These metrics where chosen as they can be seen as a measurement of the techniques effectiveness and efficiency respectively. In order to address this research question we employ a quantitative experiment where we compare the performance of random testing and adaptive random testing with a sole focus on these two metrics. The comparison is performed by implementing and testing both algorithms on eight error-seeded numerical programs and measuring the results. The results displayed that adaptive random testing had a defect detection efficiency total average of 21.59% and a test case generation time total average of 35.37 (ms), while random testing had a defect detection efficiency total average of 22.28% and a test case generation time total average of 0.26 (ms). These results might contribute to disproving the conception that adaptive random testing always should replace random testing, as random testing evidently performed better on both the measured metrics.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Neste trabalho são apresentadas medidas de seção de choque de ionização para a camada K do Te e Ta por impacto de elétrons, realizadas no acelerador Microtron do Instituto de Fsica da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP). Os alvos de Te e Ta foram produzidos por evaporação e por pulverização catódica (sputtering), respectivamente, sobre filmes de Carbono. Os raios-X emitidos nos ângulos de 35, 90 e 131 graus em relação a direção do feixe de elétrons incidente foram observados por detectores de HPGe, cuja eficiência foi determinada com fontes radiativas de 133 Ba, 152 Eu e 241 Am. A energia do feixe cobriu o intervalo desde o limiar de ionização té 100 keV. Para determinar a densidade superficial de massa dos alvos foram feitas medidas de espalhamento Rutherford (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry) (RBS) no Laboratório de Análise de Materiais por Feixes Iônicos (LAMFI) do IFUSP, e os espectros adquiridos foram analisados utilizando os programas MultiSIMNRA e SIMNRA, que fornecem o perfil de profundidade da amostra. Os resultados obtidos para a seção de choque de ionização de ambos os elementos (Te e Ta) apresentam magnitude maior que os valores calculados com a teoria DWBA, onde o termo transversal da hamiltoniana de interação foi obtido utilizando a teoria de PWBA. O aumento observado é de aproximadamente 3% para o Te e 10% para o Ta, aumentando, portanto, com o número atômico do elemento. / The K-shell ionization cross sections of Te and Ta by electron impact were measured using the Microtron accelerator of Institute of Physics of the University of Sao Paulo (IFUSP). Thin Te and Ta targets were obtained by evaporation and sputtering, respectively, on thin Carbon backings. The X-rays emitted at 35, 90 and 131 degrees to the incident electron beam direction were detected by HPGe detectors, whose efficiencies were determined using 133 Ba, 152 Eu and 241 Am radioactive sources. The beam energy covered the interval from the ionization threshold up to 100 keV. The target surface mass densities were measured by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) using the Tandem van de Graaff accelerator of the Laboratório de Análise de Materiais por Feixes Iônicos (LAMFI) at the IFUSP, and the spectra were analyzed using the Multi-SIMNRA code, which provides the sample depth profile. The resulting ionization cross section of both elements (Te and Ta) are greater than expected from calculations based on the DWBA theory and determining the matrix elements of the transverse term in the PWBA approximation. The observed diferences are approximately 3% for Te and 10% for Ta, therefore increasing with the atomic number of the element.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Neste trabalho são apresentadas medidas de seção de choque de ionização para a camada K do Te e Ta por impacto de elétrons, realizadas no acelerador Microtron do Instituto de Fsica da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP). Os alvos de Te e Ta foram produzidos por evaporação e por pulverização catódica (sputtering), respectivamente, sobre filmes de Carbono. Os raios-X emitidos nos ângulos de 35, 90 e 131 graus em relação a direção do feixe de elétrons incidente foram observados por detectores de HPGe, cuja eficiência foi determinada com fontes radiativas de 133 Ba, 152 Eu e 241 Am. A energia do feixe cobriu o intervalo desde o limiar de ionização té 100 keV. Para determinar a densidade superficial de massa dos alvos foram feitas medidas de espalhamento Rutherford (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry) (RBS) no Laboratório de Análise de Materiais por Feixes Iônicos (LAMFI) do IFUSP, e os espectros adquiridos foram analisados utilizando os programas MultiSIMNRA e SIMNRA, que fornecem o perfil de profundidade da amostra. Os resultados obtidos para a seção de choque de ionização de ambos os elementos (Te e Ta) apresentam magnitude maior que os valores calculados com a teoria DWBA, onde o termo transversal da hamiltoniana de interação foi obtido utilizando a teoria de PWBA. O aumento observado é de aproximadamente 3% para o Te e 10% para o Ta, aumentando, portanto, com o número atômico do elemento. / The K-shell ionization cross sections of Te and Ta by electron impact were measured using the Microtron accelerator of Institute of Physics of the University of Sao Paulo (IFUSP). Thin Te and Ta targets were obtained by evaporation and sputtering, respectively, on thin Carbon backings. The X-rays emitted at 35, 90 and 131 degrees to the incident electron beam direction were detected by HPGe detectors, whose efficiencies were determined using 133 Ba, 152 Eu and 241 Am radioactive sources. The beam energy covered the interval from the ionization threshold up to 100 keV. The target surface mass densities were measured by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) using the Tandem van de Graaff accelerator of the Laboratório de Análise de Materiais por Feixes Iônicos (LAMFI) at the IFUSP, and the spectra were analyzed using the Multi-SIMNRA code, which provides the sample depth profile. The resulting ionization cross section of both elements (Te and Ta) are greater than expected from calculations based on the DWBA theory and determining the matrix elements of the transverse term in the PWBA approximation. The observed diferences are approximately 3% for Te and 10% for Ta, therefore increasing with the atomic number of the element.

Les seize détecteurs MPX constituant le réseau ATLAS-MPX ont été placés à différentes positions dans le détecteur ATLAS et sa averne au CERN dans le but de mesurer en emps réel les champs de radiation produits ar des particules primaires (protons des faisceaux) et des particules secondaires (kaons, pions, g, protons) issues des collisions proton-proton. Des films de polyéthylène (PE) et de fluorure de lithium (6LiF) recouvrent les détecteurs afin d’augmenter leur sensibilité aux neutrons produits par les particules primaires et secondaires interagissant avec les matériaux présents dans l’environnement d’ATLAS. La reconnaissance des traces laissées par les particules dans un détecteur ATLAS-MPX se fait à partir des algorithmes du logiciel MAFalda (“Medipix Analysis Framework”) basé sur les librairies et le logiciel d’analyse de données ROOT. Une étude sur le taux d’identifications erronées et le chevauchement d’amas a été faite en reconstruisant les activités des sources 106Ru et 137Cs. L’efficacité de détection des neutrons rapides a été mesurée à l’aide des sources 252Cf et 241AmBe (neutrons d’énergie moyenne de 2.13 et 4.08 MeV respectivement). La moyenne des efficacités de détection mesurées pour les neutrons produits par les sources 252C f et 241AmBe a été calculée pour les convertisseurs 6LiF et PE et donnent (0.8580 ± 0.1490)% et (0.0254 ± 0.0031)% pour LiF et (0.0510 ± 0.0061)% et (0.0591 ± 0.0063)% pour PE à bas et à haut seuil d’énergie respectivement. Une simulation du calcul de l’efficacité de détection des neutrons dans le détecteur MPX a été réalisée avec le logiciel GEANT4. Des données MPX correspondant aux collisions proton-proton à 2.4 TeV et à 7 TeV dans le centre de masse ont été analysées. Les flux détectés d’électrons et de photons sont particulièrement élevés dans les détecteurs MPX01 et MPX14 car ils sont plus près du point de collision. Des flux de neutrons ont été estimés en utilisant les efficacités de détection mesurées. Une corrélation avec la luminosité du LHC a été établie et on prédit que pour les collisions à 14 TeV dans le centre de masse et avec une luminosité de 10^34 cm-1*s-1 il y aura environ 5.1x10^8 ± 1.5x10^7 et 1.6x10^9 ± 6.3x10^7 particules détectées par les détecteurs MPX01 et MPX14 respectivement. / The sixteen detectors forming the ATLAS-MPX network have been placed in different positions inside the ATLAS detector and its cavern at CERN in order to measure, in real time, the radiation fields produced by primary particles (beam protons) and secondary particles (kaons, pions, photons, protons) resulting from the proton-proton collisions. Films of polyethylene (PE) and lithium fluoride (6LiF) cover the detectors so as to increase their sensitivity to neutrons produced by the primary and secondary particles interacting with the materials present in the ATLAS environment. The tracks identification in an ATLAS-MPX detector is obtained with the algorithms of the MAFalda software (Medipix Analysis Framework) based on the libraries and data-analysis software ROOT. A study on the mistag rate and blob overlap was made by reconstructing the activities of 106Ru and 137Cs sources. The fast neutron detection efficiency was measured with the help of 252C f and 241AmBe sources (neutrons with an average energy of 2.13 and 4.08 MeV, respectively). The detection efficiency measured for neutrons produced by 252Cf et 241AmBe sources was calculated for the 6LiF and PE converters. It averaged at low and high energy respectively (0.8580 ± 0.1490)% and (0.0254 ± 0.0031)% for LiF and (0.0510 ± 0.0061)% and (0.0591 ± 0.0063)% for PE. A simulation of the neutron detection efficiency calculation in the MPX detector was carried out with the GEANT4 software. MPX data corresponding to the proton-proton collisions at 2.4 TeV and 7 TeV at the center of mass were analyzed. The detected flux of electrons and photons are particularly high in the MPX01 and MPX14 detectors because they are closer to the point of collision. Fluxes of neutrons were estimated using the measured detection efficiencies. A correlation with the luminosity of the LHC was established. We predict that for 14 TeV collisions at the center of mass, with a luminosity of 1034 cm^2*s^1, the number of particle detected by MPX01 and MPX14 respectively will be about 5.1x10^8 ± 1.5x10^7 and 1.6x10^9 ± 6.3x10^7.