Orientador: Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon / Resumo: A CTG anteparto é o teste mais utilizado para avaliar o bem-estar fetal, nas gestações complicadas pelo diabete, e seus resultados têm sido relacionados à qualidade do controle metabólico materno e ao prognóstico perinatal. Objetivos - Relacionar a qualidade do controle metabólico com os resultados da cardiotocografia (CTG) anteparto e avaliar sua capacidade preditiva no prognóstico perinatal de gestações associadas ao diabete. Sujeitos e Método - Estudo retrospectivo de 125 gestantes, portadoras de diabete gestacional ou clínico, no qual se relacionou a última CTG anteparto (intervalo máximo de 48 horas) à qualidade do controle metabólico materno e aos resultados perinatais. A qualidade do controle metabólico foi definida pela média glicêmica do dia do exame (MGd) e da gestação (MG) e pelo comportamento da requisição de insulina (R/insulina). Para os resultados perinatais foram analisados os índices de Apgar de 1º e 5º minutos, a classificação peso/idade gestacional, o tempo de internação, a necessidade de cuidados de UTI e a ocorrência de óbito neonatal (ONN) precoce. A capacidade diagnóstica da CTG anteparto foi avaliada pelos índices de sensibilidade (SENS), especificidade (ESP) e valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN). Resultados - A MGd adequada (<120 mg/dL) evidenciou 2,9% dos resultados de CTG anteparto alterados e a inadequada ( 120 mg/dL), 26,1% (p<0,005). A MG mantida inadequada na gestação se relacionou a 13,7% de CTG anteparto alterada e a adequada, a apenas 2,7% (p<0,005). O comportamento da requisição de insulina não interferiu nos resultados da CTG anteparto. E, do mesmo modo, os índices de Apgar de 1º e 5º minutos, a necessidade de cuidados de UTI e a ocorrência de ONN não dependeram do último traçado da CTG anteparto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The antepartum non-stress test (NST) is the most commonly used test to evaluate fetal well-being in pregnancies complicated by diabetes; its results being related to the quality of maternal metabolic control and perinatal prognosis. Objectives - To relate the quality of metabolic control to the results of the NST and to evaluate the predictive capacity for the perinatal prognosis of pregnancies associated with diabetes. Patients and Methods - This is a retrospective study of 125 pregnant women with gestational or clinical diabetes in which the last NST (maximum interval of 48 h) was related to the quality of maternal metabolic control and perinatal results. Quality of metabolic control was defined by the glycemic mean on the test day (GMd), glycemic mean during pregnancy (GM), and behavior of insulin requirement (Insulin/R). For the perinatal results, the following were evaluated: the 1st and 5th min Apgar scores; the gestational weight/age classification; the length of hospitalization; the use of neonatal ICU; and the occurrence of early neonatal death (END). Diagnostic capacity of the NST in relation to the perinatal results was evaluated by sensitivity and specificity values, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results - The adequate GM (<120mg/dL) on the test day showed that 2.9% of the NST results were abnormal; the inadequate GM ( 120mg/dL) 26.1% (p<0.005). The maintained inadequate GM during pregnancy was related to 13.7% of abnormal NST; the adequate to only 2.7% (p<0.005). Insulin requirement behavior did not interfere with the NST. In addition, the 1st and 5th min Apgar scores, use of ICU, and occurrence of neonatal death did not depend on the last NST result. This test influenced the length of newborn (NB) hospitalization: the normal, 46.4% were discharged up to the 3rd day after birth ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Thesis (M Med (Family Medicine) -- University of Limpopo, 2011. / Introduction The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to rise and constitutes a real threat especially in the developing world. As for most non-communicable diseases, change of behavior and adoption of healthy lifestyle habits help to prevent and slow down the increase of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim of the Study To establish the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding lifestyle modifications among type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic at Mamelodi hospital. Methods: This cross sectional study describes the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding lifestyle modifications (KAP) among 217 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Mamelodi Hospital, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa. A face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire was carried out for data collection. Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and anthropometric measurements were obtained and the body mass index (8MI) of participants were determined. The Knowledge, attitude and practice of participants were assessed. 2 Results: Majority of participants were female 176(81.1 %), while male were 41 (18.9%). This amounted to a female to male ratio of 4:1. Most participants were in the age group 51-60 years 93(42.9%). Majority of them had low level of education 108(49.5%) and low income 206(94.9%). Majority of participants were obese 153(71 %) with more female diabetic patients being obese 120 (78.4%) than male 33 (21.6%). 15 participants (14 females and 1 male) were morbidly obese (BMI~40kg/m2). 108 participants (49.5%) did not have a formal education. No respondent had good knowledge and 92.6% of respondents had poor knowledge of the benefits of exercise, weight loss and healthy diet. Majority of respondents (97.7%) had bad practices in relation to lifestyle modifications. Nevertheless, majority of them (84.3%) had positive attitudes toward lifestyle modifications. Significant positive correlation (r= 0.170, p=0.012) was found between the global knowledge level and attitude level alone, whereas there was no significant correlation found between the global knowledge level and practice level as well as the attitude level and practice level. Conclusion: In conclusion, despite positive attitudes of participants toward healthy lifestyle habits, the knowledge and practices regarding lifestyle modifications among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Mamelodi Hospital were generally low. Nevertheless the positive attitudes of participants should be encouraged and the implementation of a lifestyle intervention program will help improve the knowledge and practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Mamelodi Hospital for the better management and control of this current pandemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

It is well recognised that every disease has both genetic and environmental causes. There are indications that environmental factors may play a crucial role over a limited period of time in genetically susceptible individuals to initiate the pancreatic insulin producing beta-cells autoimmune process. No causal links between environmental triggering factors and the pancreatic autoimmune process have yet been identified unequivocally. Although the occurrence of autoimmune diabetes in Jordan is increasing by approximately one percent annually, studies on diabetes in young Jordanian children remain limited. Therefore, the rationale of this study hinges upon establishing a base-line dietary profile, and determining possible humoral and secretory immune response to native and heat processed bovine serum albumin modified with bovine insulin in young Jordanian children with diabetes. To minimise the increasing occurrence of the disease through proposing safe and inexpensive preventative interventions of the disease, this study is directed at improving the understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of the disease by participating in identifying potential primary environmental triggering factors. Obviously, the health care system is a vital element in every society to maintain people’s health of the highest standard. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Objetivo: El propósito del estudio fue determinar la relación entre el test de Tolerancia oral a la glucosa( TTOG) en las puérperas con macrosomia fetal y plantearlo como un método de diagnostico retrospectivo de diabetes gestacional. Diseño de estudio: Estudio Clínico, Observacional, Prospectivo, Analítico, Comparativo (de casos y controles pareados), con 142 puérperas pareadas por edad, paridad y tipo de parto, 71 con recién nacidos macrosómicos y 71 con recién nacidos con pesos en percentiles de la normalidad. Previo consentimiento informado, se realizó un TTOG modificado de dos horas (basal, 1h y 2 h) con 100 gr de glucosa (positivo si [Glicemia 2h – Basal] + [Glicemia 1h – Basal] > 110 mg/dl) a todas las participantes entre las primeras 8 y 48 horas posparto en el IEMP, entre Abril a Junio del 2003. Se utilizó el paquete SPSS v.10.0 para crear la base de datos y realizar el análisis estadístico que consistió en un análisis univariado, bivariado para evaluar la hipótesis, y finalmente un análisis multivariado. Resultados: El test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa anormal resultó un factor de riesgo para macrosomia fetal, con un odds rate ajustado de 5.93; 95% IC, 2.626-13.393. Se encontró una asociación significativa el antecedente de macrosomia fetal odds rate 15.690; 95% IC, 1.993-123.553 y el control prenatal odds rate 5.696, 95% IC, 1.192-26.828. Conclusión: Existe una relación entre el TTOG en puérperas y macrosomia fetal que puede ser usada como un test de Diagnóstico retrospectivo de Diabetes Gestacional. PALABRAS CLAVES: Test de Tolerancia Oral a la Glucosa, Macrosomia fetal, Diabetes Gestacional.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, August, 2009. / Release of full electronic text on OhioLINK has been delayed until September 1, 2013. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-313)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, August, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Release of full electronic text on OhioLINK has been delayed until September 1, 2013. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-313)

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Proefschrift--Amsterdam. / "Stellingen" (2 leaves) laid in.