Mainland China¡¦s Foreign Policy in the Korean Peninsula: A Dialectical Analysis Abstract The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze Mainland China¡¦s foreign policy in the Korean Peninsula at the micro- and macro- levels. In the process of writing this dissertation, the author found that, for the Marxists, Dialectical Materialism is their worldview, epistemology as well as way of thinking. Meanwhile, Beijing claims that its epistemology and methodology are based on dialectics. However, we must understand that China is not merely a socialist country; it is also a country with long history and traditional culture. Hence, we speculate that Mainland China, a country under Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, should carry a specific way of perceiving reality and thinking. Thus, it is natural that the Chinese Communist way of thinking differs from not only that of non-Communist countries but also that of other socialist countries. According to what is written above, this research takes the following three assumptions as preconditions to understand Beijing¡¦s foreign policy in general as well as its foreign policy in the Korean Peninsula in particular. First, we assume that Mainland China¡¦s way of perceiving reality and thinking is dialectically formed in terms of Marxism, Chinese traditional thoughts, Mao Zedong Thought, and the core of Deng Xiaoping¡¦s theory. Second, we assume that Chinese Communist leaders, relying on dialectics, form their worldview of understanding the objective environment and their methodology of reacting to it. The practical application and realization of such a worldview and methodology become Beijing¡¦s theoretical as well as behavioral patterns. Third, we assume that such theoretical and behavioral patterns are directly reflected on Communist China¡¦s diplomatic lines and principles, and are practically reflected in its foreign affairs policy, strategy, and tactics. Such assumptions require an in depth examination. In the process of examining the assumptions, this research adopts the inductive method, because induction helps to prove an assumption true or false by way of observing facts. The practical method of examining the facts begins with examining both the important papers of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the People¡¦s Republic of China (PRC) Government as well as the important speeches made by of leaders at the central level. From such papers and speeches, this research is to (1) seek the characteristics of Chinese Communist dialectics and the structures and properties of the thought and the behavior of Chinese Communists when dialectics are being applied; (2) study the methods by which Chinese Communist decision-makers perceive regional and international objective environment in order to ascertain what roles they are going to play and decide what diplomatic objectives and strategy to take; and (3) analyze the structural and dynamic development appearing in the process of policy making, that is, to analyze the jobs and functions of the institutes joining the institution of foreign policy as well as its practical functioning developments. Finally, this research is to prove the dialectical relationship between Beijing¡¦s foreign policy and the realization of the policy from the development and change in the PRC¡¦s foreign policy. The conclusion obtained from inductively examining such assumptions could be taken as forming an analytical framework. Its function is to provide an intellectual framework to primarily guiding the direction of research. Therefore, by deducing such a theoretical framework, we will explain the issues, including various clashes and conflicts, which have appeared during the time when Mainland China was having its triangular relationship with both Koreas as well as try to understand how Mainland China resolved such clashes and conflicts and reached agreements with the two Koreas. After that, we are in a better position to evaluate the existing relationship between Mainland China and the Korean Peninsula and to have a better feel about the prospect of their future relations.

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Dedicado a investigar o léxico dos moradores do Distrito Nossa Senhora da Guia a partir das lexias bamburro, tacuru e bateia registradas na fala dos idosos na pesquisa desenvolvida em 2007, esta tese busca elementos que contribuam para a identificação e justificativa do movimento da língua na localidade, trazendo subsídios para a verificação de manutenção, mudança e/ou variação semântico-lexical. Para tanto, a pesquisa se utiliza do instrumento da coleta in loco, com aplicação de questionário para as três categorias estabelecidas de sujeitos de pesquisa, constituídas a partir das bases teórico-metodológicas apresentadas pelo Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) e dos resultados já obtidos em Bertoldo (2007). Neste estudo, considerando as variáveis sexo, profissão e grau de instrução, são delimitados como sujeitos de pesquisa: 1. Moradores com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos; 2. Moradores na faixa etária de 30 a 59 anos e; 3. Moradores com idade entre 19 e 29 anos. Pretende-se, com os resultados alcançados, acrescentar novos dados às análises e hipóteses levantadas em Bertoldo (2007) e, dessa maneira, contribuir com os trabalhos de campo e estudos que visam determinar as características e isoglossas das variedades do português falado no Brasil. / Dedicated to investigate the lexicon of the residents of Nossa Senhora da Guia District from the bamburro, tacuru and bateia lexias registered in the speech of the elderly in research conducted in 2007, this thesis aims elements that contribute to the identification and justification of the movement of the language in that locality, providing subsidies for the maintenance check, change and /or lexical-semantic variation. To this end, the research uses the collection in loco instrument with a questionnaire for the three established categories of research subjects, constituted from the theoretical and methodological basis presented by Linguistic Atlas of Brazil (ALiB) and from the results already obtained in Berthold (2007). In this study, considering the sex, occupation and education level variables, are defined as research subjects: 1. Residents aged 60 years or over, 2. Residents aged from 30 to 59 years and 3. People aged from 19 to 29 years. It is intended, with the reached results, add new data to the analyzes and hypotheses collected in Bertoldo (2007) and, thus, contribute to the fieldwork and studies aimed at determining the characteristics and isoglosses of varieties of Portuguese spoken in Brazil.

Dedicado a investigar o léxico dos moradores do Distrito Nossa Senhora da Guia a partir das lexias bamburro, tacuru e bateia registradas na fala dos idosos na pesquisa desenvolvida em 2007, esta tese busca elementos que contribuam para a identificação e justificativa do movimento da língua na localidade, trazendo subsídios para a verificação de manutenção, mudança e/ou variação semântico-lexical. Para tanto, a pesquisa se utiliza do instrumento da coleta in loco, com aplicação de questionário para as três categorias estabelecidas de sujeitos de pesquisa, constituídas a partir das bases teórico-metodológicas apresentadas pelo Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) e dos resultados já obtidos em Bertoldo (2007). Neste estudo, considerando as variáveis sexo, profissão e grau de instrução, são delimitados como sujeitos de pesquisa: 1. Moradores com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos; 2. Moradores na faixa etária de 30 a 59 anos e; 3. Moradores com idade entre 19 e 29 anos. Pretende-se, com os resultados alcançados, acrescentar novos dados às análises e hipóteses levantadas em Bertoldo (2007) e, dessa maneira, contribuir com os trabalhos de campo e estudos que visam determinar as características e isoglossas das variedades do português falado no Brasil. / Dedicated to investigate the lexicon of the residents of Nossa Senhora da Guia District from the bamburro, tacuru and bateia lexias registered in the speech of the elderly in research conducted in 2007, this thesis aims elements that contribute to the identification and justification of the movement of the language in that locality, providing subsidies for the maintenance check, change and /or lexical-semantic variation. To this end, the research uses the collection in loco instrument with a questionnaire for the three established categories of research subjects, constituted from the theoretical and methodological basis presented by Linguistic Atlas of Brazil (ALiB) and from the results already obtained in Berthold (2007). In this study, considering the sex, occupation and education level variables, are defined as research subjects: 1. Residents aged 60 years or over, 2. Residents aged from 30 to 59 years and 3. People aged from 19 to 29 years. It is intended, with the reached results, add new data to the analyzes and hypotheses collected in Bertoldo (2007) and, thus, contribute to the fieldwork and studies aimed at determining the characteristics and isoglosses of varieties of Portuguese spoken in Brazil.