Mainland China¡¦s Foreign Policy in the Korean Peninsula: A Dialectical Analysis Abstract The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze Mainland China¡¦s foreign policy in the Korean Peninsula at the micro- and macro- levels. In the process of writing this dissertation, the author found that, for the Marxists, Dialectical Materialism is their worldview, epistemology as well as way of thinking. Meanwhile, Beijing claims that its epistemology and methodology are based on dialectics. However, we must understand that China is not merely a socialist country; it is also a country with long history and traditional culture. Hence, we speculate that Mainland China, a country under Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, should carry a specific way of perceiving reality and thinking. Thus, it is natural that the Chinese Communist way of thinking differs from not only that of non-Communist countries but also that of other socialist countries. According to what is written above, this research takes the following three assumptions as preconditions to understand Beijing¡¦s foreign policy in general as well as its foreign policy in the Korean Peninsula in particular. First, we assume that Mainland China¡¦s way of perceiving reality and thinking is dialectically formed in terms of Marxism, Chinese traditional thoughts, Mao Zedong Thought, and the core of Deng Xiaoping¡¦s theory. Second, we assume that Chinese Communist leaders, relying on dialectics, form their worldview of understanding the objective environment and their methodology of reacting to it. The practical application and realization of such a worldview and methodology become Beijing¡¦s theoretical as well as behavioral patterns. Third, we assume that such theoretical and behavioral patterns are directly reflected on Communist China¡¦s diplomatic lines and principles, and are practically reflected in its foreign affairs policy, strategy, and tactics. Such assumptions require an in depth examination. In the process of examining the assumptions, this research adopts the inductive method, because induction helps to prove an assumption true or false by way of observing facts. The practical method of examining the facts begins with examining both the important papers of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the People¡¦s Republic of China (PRC) Government as well as the important speeches made by of leaders at the central level. From such papers and speeches, this research is to (1) seek the characteristics of Chinese Communist dialectics and the structures and properties of the thought and the behavior of Chinese Communists when dialectics are being applied; (2) study the methods by which Chinese Communist decision-makers perceive regional and international objective environment in order to ascertain what roles they are going to play and decide what diplomatic objectives and strategy to take; and (3) analyze the structural and dynamic development appearing in the process of policy making, that is, to analyze the jobs and functions of the institutes joining the institution of foreign policy as well as its practical functioning developments. Finally, this research is to prove the dialectical relationship between Beijing¡¦s foreign policy and the realization of the policy from the development and change in the PRC¡¦s foreign policy. The conclusion obtained from inductively examining such assumptions could be taken as forming an analytical framework. Its function is to provide an intellectual framework to primarily guiding the direction of research. Therefore, by deducing such a theoretical framework, we will explain the issues, including various clashes and conflicts, which have appeared during the time when Mainland China was having its triangular relationship with both Koreas as well as try to understand how Mainland China resolved such clashes and conflicts and reached agreements with the two Koreas. After that, we are in a better position to evaluate the existing relationship between Mainland China and the Korean Peninsula and to have a better feel about the prospect of their future relations.

Inauguraldiss.--Basel. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 118-122.

The theory of dialectical materialism is essentially the product of the joint efforts of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels. Such men as V. I. Lenin, George Plekhanov, J. Dietzgen, and J. B. S. Haldane have added very little either in terms of original contributions or in terms of refining and elaborating the main tenets of the theory. In this respect, V. I. Lenin's influence on the theory is negligible; what he has written is primarily a criticism of the deviationists and opposing schools of thought, and also a substantiation of the original postulates of Marx and Engels. The same may be said of Plekhanov and Dietzgen with the exception that they are considered, by Lenin and most of the Marxian "purists", as deviationists owing to the modifications they attempted in the epistemology. Such Marxians, as J. B. S. Haldane and many of the present day socialists may also be classified as deviationists as they consider dialectical materialism more in terms of technique rather than as a highly integrated revolutionary philosophic schematism. In view of these divergencies of opinion, the writer has treated dialectical materialism as primarily the theory formulated by Marx and Engels and reiterated by Lenin. The views of the Marxian deviationists are, however, also considered wherever they throw light on the aims and postulates of the philosophy of Marx and Engels. The schematism examined is always given in the final analysis, the same test, namely, does it substantiate the over all claim that this is a dynamic, completely meaningful universe in which man is able to actively influence his environment, and in which man is, himself, influenced by the environment. The general conclusion is that, owing to the Marxian concept of mind as a reflector and the rejection of any type of teleological factor, the active determinism enunciated in this philosophy is not implicit in its basic metaphysical and epistemological tenets. In addition, owing to the concepts of abrupt break, emergence of novelty, and the dynamic nature of terms and entities, it is not possible to logically deduce from a plurality of causes a specific effect, e.g., the inevitability of the collapse or negation of capitalism. In other words, the writer maintains that there is no sound basis for the claim that certain events must inevitably occur at some future time. In short the theory is an unsuccessful attempt to postulate an active deterministic philosophy through merging two schools of thought, namely, materialism and idealism. / Arts, Faculty of / Philosophy, Department of / Graduate

This thesis seeks to offer a systematic theological reflection upon the nature of preaching as both dialectical and heraldic, through a specifically Scriptural and pneumatological lens. The thesis begins, in chapter I, by mapping preaching's inseparable connection to Scriptural content, outlining the fundamental importance of the overarching 'clarity' and 'unity' of Scripture as vital entry-points to interpreting Scriptural tension. Scriptural 'unity' will be mapped with a variety of modern biblical and theological approaches to canonicity, and Scriptural 'clarity' will be mapped via the thought of the key Reformers, Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin. Having outlined these important foundational parameters for approaching Scriptural dialectics, it will be argued – leaning upon Barth's construal of biblical tension – that the concept of theological dialectic must be embraced within a theology of preaching, but without allowing it to override the preaching task. Upon this basis, it is then explored, in chapter II, what kinds of biblical tension may exist, since various terminology for 'dialectic' and 'paradox' within the theological and philosophical tradition have rendered their meanings increasingly obscure. Drawing upon a wide range of different thinkers for both clarification and construction – including Eckhart, Hegel, Kierkegaard, Chesterton, Barth, Tillich, Milbank and Žižek – it is argued that four primary dialectical modes exist within theological discourse, connoting 'incompatible' polarities, 'harmonised' polarities, 'hierarchical' polarities, and 'antagonistic' polarities. Having articulated a more specified account of dialectics, then, these dialectical modes are applied, in chapter III, to a theology of 'heraldic' proclamation. The notion of the heraldic motif for preaching will be explicated alongside its twentieth-century homil Following this, a more complex, dialectically-aware conception of heraldic preaching is offered. It will be argued – again, using Barth – that a theology of homiletical 'confidence' alongside dialectics is possible within this revised understanding of the preaching task. It will also be established that part of the heraldic role of preaching is to engage dialectically in different ways. This will be highlighted – with specific applications to various dialectical sermonic possibilities – by re-conceiving preaching as an act of contingent dialectical correctivity. This special license for preaching to articulate truths 'dogmatically' in the midst of dialectics is then buttressed pneumatologically, in chapter IV, where the notion of preaching as both Scripturally expository and pneumatologically prophetic will be established and conjoined. This will include an account of prophetic illumination and prophetic discernment in preacher and congregation, as well as a distinct focus upon the nature of preaching as pneumatological 'encounter', 'manifestation', and 'moment'. It will be seen that understanding preaching as 'pneumatological moment' offers a theological key to interpreting the relationship of dialectics to preacherly decisiveness. This will serve to present a robust account of the paradoxically heraldic and dialectical dimensions of Christian proclamation.

Thesis (Psy.D.)--Wheaton College, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (l. 33-37).

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1945. / Bibliography: p. 215-217.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1945. / Bibliography: p. 215-217.

Part of the author's "Habilitationsschrift"--Halle, Wittenberg.

Thesis (doctoral)--Freie Universität Berlin. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 481-501).

<p>För att undersöka vad medveten närvaro kan betyda i dialektisk beteendeterapi (DBT) meningskoncentrerades nio intervjuer. Medveten närvaro hade en positiv betydelse för samtliga deltagare. Det centrala för deltagarna var färdigheterna observera och en sak i taget. Färdigheterna hjälpte patienterna att stanna upp i ett negativt händelseförlopp. Behandlarna menade att medveten närvaro hjälpte vid stressrelaterade situationer. Samtliga deltagare underströk betydelsen av färdighetsträningen i grupp och praktiska övningar. Det fanns ett tydligt behov av att förenkla teorin kring medveten närvaro i DBT samt att medveten närvaro behövde få ett större utrymme. Om medveten närvaro kan hjälpa patienter i DBT att stanna upp i ett destruktivt händelseförlopp så är det en verkan av stor betydelse för patienterna såväl som för anhöriga och sjukvården.</p>