INTRODUÇÃO: O transplante hepático (TH) é considerado padrão no tratamento de doenças hepáticas agudas e crônicas de caráter terminal. A dislipidemia ocorre em torno de 70% dos pacientes pós-TH. Não há estudos anteriores que demonstraram qualquer intervenção dietética que poderia controlar a dislipidemia em receptores de TH. OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos da dieta individualizada e do aconselhamento dietético na modificação da dislipidemia em pacientes pós-TH. MÉTODOS: Estudo de intervenção não controlado, com pacientes pós-TH, em atendimento no ambulatório de Transplante Hepático do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, no período de março de 2014 à maio de 2015, com presença de dislipidemia e sem uso de medicação hipolipemiante. Os indivíduos foram acompanhados no Centro de Pesquisa Clínica da UFRGS pelo período de 6 meses. Mensuraram-se colesterol total (CT), HDL - colesterol (HDL), LDL- colesterol (LDL) e triglicerídeos (TG) pré e pós-intervenção. Realizaram-se avaliação antropométrica, anamnese alimentar com recordatório de 24 h, análise da composição corporal com bioimpedância e avaliação do gasto energético basal (GEB) por calorimetria indireta. A dieta foi individualizada baseando-se no GEB e constou de 25% do valor energético total em gorduras totais e <200 mg/dia de colesterol. RESULTADOS: 53 pacientes, com idade média de 59 anos. Média de kcal da dieta em 1853,57 kcal (± 218,22 kcal). Houve redução estatisticamente significativa nos níveis de CT (pré-intervenção = 238,9 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 165,1 mg/dL) (p <0, 001), LDL (pré-intervenção = 154 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 90 mg/dL) (p <0, 001) e TG (pré-intervenção = 168 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 137 mg/dL (p <0, 001) em toda a população. No início do estudo, nenhum dos pacientes teve CT desejável, e apenas 12 pacientes (22,7%) tiveram ótimo/desejável nos níveis de LDL. Na sequência da intervenção dietética, 45 pacientes (84,9%) alcançaram CT desejável e 50 (94,4%) tiveram ótimo/desejável de LDL. HDL e medidas antropométricas não apresentaram redução significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Aconselhamento dietético com prescrição de uma dieta individualizada baseada no GEB medido por CI resultou em melhoras significativas no CT, LDL e TG em transplantados hepáticos com dislipidemia. Sugerimos que todos os pacientes transplantados hepáticos com dislipidemia sejam incluídos em um programa de intervenção dietética sob orientação de nutricionista. / BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia occurs in approximately 70% of all liver transplant (LT) recipients. No prior studies have demonstrated any dietary intervention that could control dyslipidemia in LT recipients. This study analyzed the effects of a dietary intervention on the lipid profile of dyslipidemic LT recipients. METHODS: All LT recipients with dyslipidemia on clinical follow-up at our institution were enrolled. Anthropometric evaluation, food history, body composition (bioimpedance) and assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE) through indirect calorimetry (IC) were performed. Patients met with a dietitian and an individualized diet based on ICestimated REE and consisting of 25% of the total energy value in total fat and <200 mg/day of cholesterol was prescribed. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), LDL-cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and anthropometric measures were measured at baseline and 6 months after intervention. RESULTS: Fifty-thee out of 56 patients concluded follow-up; age 59±10 years; 29 men (51.8%). TC (preintervention= 238.9±30; post-intervention=165.1±35) (p<0.001), LDL (preintervention= 154±33; post-intervention=90±29) (p<0.001) and TG (preintervention= 168, IQR=51-200; post-intervention=137, IQR=94-177) (p<0.001) were all modified at 6 months following intervention. At baseline, none of the patients had normal TC, and only 12 patients (22.7%) had optimal/near optimal LDL. Following dietary intervention, 45 patients (84.9%) reached normal TC and 50 (94.4%) had optimal/near optimal LDL. HDL and anthropometric measures were not modified. CONCLUSION: Dietary counseling with prescription of an individualized diet based on IC-calculated REE diet was able to manage dyslipidemia in most LT recipients evaluated in this study. We suggest that all dyslipidemic LT recipients should be enrolled on a dietary program.

Diet related factors are associated with the 2 most prevalent oral diseases- caries and periodontal disease. Furthermore, there is growing evidence of a synergistic link between nutrition, systemic health, and oral health. Regardless of this evidence and in spite of recommendations by dental associations, researchers have shown the majority of dental professionals are consistently excluding nutritional screenings and dietary counseling in their dental services. The purpose of this study was to examine the nutritional screening and dietary counseling practices of Utah dental hygienists and to evaluate possible associations between various factors influencing the implementation of nutritional services. Surveys were collected from members of the Utah Dental Hygienists’ Association. Mean scores showed low frequency and low confidence levels in performing nutritional services and high perceptions of barriers to care. Little to no difference in mean scores occurred when differentiating between degree achievements, years in dental hygiene practice, or component affiliation.

INTRODUÇÃO: O transplante hepático (TH) é considerado padrão no tratamento de doenças hepáticas agudas e crônicas de caráter terminal. A dislipidemia ocorre em torno de 70% dos pacientes pós-TH. Não há estudos anteriores que demonstraram qualquer intervenção dietética que poderia controlar a dislipidemia em receptores de TH. OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos da dieta individualizada e do aconselhamento dietético na modificação da dislipidemia em pacientes pós-TH. MÉTODOS: Estudo de intervenção não controlado, com pacientes pós-TH, em atendimento no ambulatório de Transplante Hepático do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, no período de março de 2014 à maio de 2015, com presença de dislipidemia e sem uso de medicação hipolipemiante. Os indivíduos foram acompanhados no Centro de Pesquisa Clínica da UFRGS pelo período de 6 meses. Mensuraram-se colesterol total (CT), HDL - colesterol (HDL), LDL- colesterol (LDL) e triglicerídeos (TG) pré e pós-intervenção. Realizaram-se avaliação antropométrica, anamnese alimentar com recordatório de 24 h, análise da composição corporal com bioimpedância e avaliação do gasto energético basal (GEB) por calorimetria indireta. A dieta foi individualizada baseando-se no GEB e constou de 25% do valor energético total em gorduras totais e <200 mg/dia de colesterol. RESULTADOS: 53 pacientes, com idade média de 59 anos. Média de kcal da dieta em 1853,57 kcal (± 218,22 kcal). Houve redução estatisticamente significativa nos níveis de CT (pré-intervenção = 238,9 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 165,1 mg/dL) (p <0, 001), LDL (pré-intervenção = 154 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 90 mg/dL) (p <0, 001) e TG (pré-intervenção = 168 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 137 mg/dL (p <0, 001) em toda a população. No início do estudo, nenhum dos pacientes teve CT desejável, e apenas 12 pacientes (22,7%) tiveram ótimo/desejável nos níveis de LDL. Na sequência da intervenção dietética, 45 pacientes (84,9%) alcançaram CT desejável e 50 (94,4%) tiveram ótimo/desejável de LDL. HDL e medidas antropométricas não apresentaram redução significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Aconselhamento dietético com prescrição de uma dieta individualizada baseada no GEB medido por CI resultou em melhoras significativas no CT, LDL e TG em transplantados hepáticos com dislipidemia. Sugerimos que todos os pacientes transplantados hepáticos com dislipidemia sejam incluídos em um programa de intervenção dietética sob orientação de nutricionista. / BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia occurs in approximately 70% of all liver transplant (LT) recipients. No prior studies have demonstrated any dietary intervention that could control dyslipidemia in LT recipients. This study analyzed the effects of a dietary intervention on the lipid profile of dyslipidemic LT recipients. METHODS: All LT recipients with dyslipidemia on clinical follow-up at our institution were enrolled. Anthropometric evaluation, food history, body composition (bioimpedance) and assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE) through indirect calorimetry (IC) were performed. Patients met with a dietitian and an individualized diet based on ICestimated REE and consisting of 25% of the total energy value in total fat and <200 mg/day of cholesterol was prescribed. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), LDL-cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and anthropometric measures were measured at baseline and 6 months after intervention. RESULTS: Fifty-thee out of 56 patients concluded follow-up; age 59±10 years; 29 men (51.8%). TC (preintervention= 238.9±30; post-intervention=165.1±35) (p<0.001), LDL (preintervention= 154±33; post-intervention=90±29) (p<0.001) and TG (preintervention= 168, IQR=51-200; post-intervention=137, IQR=94-177) (p<0.001) were all modified at 6 months following intervention. At baseline, none of the patients had normal TC, and only 12 patients (22.7%) had optimal/near optimal LDL. Following dietary intervention, 45 patients (84.9%) reached normal TC and 50 (94.4%) had optimal/near optimal LDL. HDL and anthropometric measures were not modified. CONCLUSION: Dietary counseling with prescription of an individualized diet based on IC-calculated REE diet was able to manage dyslipidemia in most LT recipients evaluated in this study. We suggest that all dyslipidemic LT recipients should be enrolled on a dietary program.

INTRODUÇÃO: O transplante hepático (TH) é considerado padrão no tratamento de doenças hepáticas agudas e crônicas de caráter terminal. A dislipidemia ocorre em torno de 70% dos pacientes pós-TH. Não há estudos anteriores que demonstraram qualquer intervenção dietética que poderia controlar a dislipidemia em receptores de TH. OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos da dieta individualizada e do aconselhamento dietético na modificação da dislipidemia em pacientes pós-TH. MÉTODOS: Estudo de intervenção não controlado, com pacientes pós-TH, em atendimento no ambulatório de Transplante Hepático do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, no período de março de 2014 à maio de 2015, com presença de dislipidemia e sem uso de medicação hipolipemiante. Os indivíduos foram acompanhados no Centro de Pesquisa Clínica da UFRGS pelo período de 6 meses. Mensuraram-se colesterol total (CT), HDL - colesterol (HDL), LDL- colesterol (LDL) e triglicerídeos (TG) pré e pós-intervenção. Realizaram-se avaliação antropométrica, anamnese alimentar com recordatório de 24 h, análise da composição corporal com bioimpedância e avaliação do gasto energético basal (GEB) por calorimetria indireta. A dieta foi individualizada baseando-se no GEB e constou de 25% do valor energético total em gorduras totais e <200 mg/dia de colesterol. RESULTADOS: 53 pacientes, com idade média de 59 anos. Média de kcal da dieta em 1853,57 kcal (± 218,22 kcal). Houve redução estatisticamente significativa nos níveis de CT (pré-intervenção = 238,9 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 165,1 mg/dL) (p <0, 001), LDL (pré-intervenção = 154 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 90 mg/dL) (p <0, 001) e TG (pré-intervenção = 168 mg/dL; pós-intervenção = 137 mg/dL (p <0, 001) em toda a população. No início do estudo, nenhum dos pacientes teve CT desejável, e apenas 12 pacientes (22,7%) tiveram ótimo/desejável nos níveis de LDL. Na sequência da intervenção dietética, 45 pacientes (84,9%) alcançaram CT desejável e 50 (94,4%) tiveram ótimo/desejável de LDL. HDL e medidas antropométricas não apresentaram redução significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Aconselhamento dietético com prescrição de uma dieta individualizada baseada no GEB medido por CI resultou em melhoras significativas no CT, LDL e TG em transplantados hepáticos com dislipidemia. Sugerimos que todos os pacientes transplantados hepáticos com dislipidemia sejam incluídos em um programa de intervenção dietética sob orientação de nutricionista. / BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia occurs in approximately 70% of all liver transplant (LT) recipients. No prior studies have demonstrated any dietary intervention that could control dyslipidemia in LT recipients. This study analyzed the effects of a dietary intervention on the lipid profile of dyslipidemic LT recipients. METHODS: All LT recipients with dyslipidemia on clinical follow-up at our institution were enrolled. Anthropometric evaluation, food history, body composition (bioimpedance) and assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE) through indirect calorimetry (IC) were performed. Patients met with a dietitian and an individualized diet based on ICestimated REE and consisting of 25% of the total energy value in total fat and <200 mg/day of cholesterol was prescribed. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), LDL-cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and anthropometric measures were measured at baseline and 6 months after intervention. RESULTS: Fifty-thee out of 56 patients concluded follow-up; age 59±10 years; 29 men (51.8%). TC (preintervention= 238.9±30; post-intervention=165.1±35) (p<0.001), LDL (preintervention= 154±33; post-intervention=90±29) (p<0.001) and TG (preintervention= 168, IQR=51-200; post-intervention=137, IQR=94-177) (p<0.001) were all modified at 6 months following intervention. At baseline, none of the patients had normal TC, and only 12 patients (22.7%) had optimal/near optimal LDL. Following dietary intervention, 45 patients (84.9%) reached normal TC and 50 (94.4%) had optimal/near optimal LDL. HDL and anthropometric measures were not modified. CONCLUSION: Dietary counseling with prescription of an individualized diet based on IC-calculated REE diet was able to manage dyslipidemia in most LT recipients evaluated in this study. We suggest that all dyslipidemic LT recipients should be enrolled on a dietary program.

Background During pregnancy, a healthy diet is beneficial for the expecting mother and her fetus. Midwives in antenatal care have an ideal position for promoting a healthy diet and thereby help women to not only lower the risks of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes, but improve maternal health. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe diet and dietary changes during pregnancy from the women’s and the midwives’ perspectives with a focus on dietary counseling. The thesis comprises four studies. The specific aims in the respective studies were to: I) Describe pregnant women’s attitudes to and experiences of dietary information and advice, as well as dietary management during pregnancy. II) Explore midwives’ strategies in challenging dietary counseling situations. III) Describe how midwives’ perceive their role and their significance in dietary counseling of pregnant women.  IV) Describe women’s food habits during pregnancy and up to six months postpartum. Methods Studies I-III were qualitative. Study I included focus group interviews with 23 pregnant women. Study II included telephone interviews with 17 experienced midwives working in Swedish antenatal health care. Study III included the same 17 interviews from study II and supplemented them with four face-to-face-interviews. Qualitative content analysis was performed in all three studies. Study IV was a longitudinal study including a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire, which was given to women at five occasions during and after pregnancy. It concerned their food habits and it was answered by 163 women. The quantitative data was analyzed using comparative and descriptive statistics. Results The overall findings of the thesis were summarized as the main theme “Pregnant women and midwives are not in tune with each other about dietary counseling”. The main theme included the two themes ‘Pregnant women are concerned about risks for their child but fail to change to healthier dietary habits over time’, and ‘Midwives view themselves as authorities, though questioned ones’. In subthemes it was highlighted that pregnant women are well informed and interested in risk reduction for their child’s best and that they try to do their best to improve their diet during pregnancy. However, their diet did not reach levels of healthy eating recommendations and became even unhealthier after pregnancy. It was also highlighted that midwives experienced insufficient knowledge in dietary issues and related risks and that they had difficulties to give dietary support to pregnant women. Midwives were found to mainly focus on giving information and they lacked sufficient competence for challenging counseling. Conclusion Pregnant women, on the one hand, experience a lack of support from the midwives when dealing with dietary changes. The midwives, on the other hand, feel exposed and express a need for both further education in dietary issues and training in counseling. Women’s food habits during, but in particular after pregnancy need improvement, and dietary counseling could be more focused on healthy eating in a long-term perspective. / <p>Felaktigt ISSN angivet i avhandlingen och på spikbladet.</p>