Soldiers rely predominantly on vision to detect targets, yet other senses may cue their sense of sight. Contrarily, most army combat simulations employ only visual cues. The focus of this thesis is to enhance combat simulations by providing a method by which computer-generated entities can detect and locate objects via a phenomenon known as "sound localization." The Auditory Detection Program is used to represent a human's hearing, and data from a sound localization experiment are analyzed to determine how to best represent the event in which an individual hears a sound and then estimates the location of the sound's source. The resulting algorithms are coded into the Army's combat simulation, COMBAT XXI, and the "face-validation" method is used to determine if the algorithms enhance the realism of the simulation. The data analysis consists of Shapiro-Wilks Tests for Normaility, Friedman's Tests for Randomized Block Experiment, and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Tests using the Bonferroni Correction. Implementing this model in COMBAT XXI improves the simulation by making it more realistic.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1933. / From the Journal of the Acoustical society of America, October, 1930, vol. II, no. 2. Bibliography: p. 270.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Jeff Crowson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91). Also available online.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s):Russell D. Shilling, Robert R. Read. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117). Also available online.

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Directional drilling has become a popular construction method used by municipalities, contractors and engineers alike for the construction of new subsurface pipelines while minimizing impact on the surrounding community. Pressurized drilling fluid is used during the advancement of the borehole through granular materials to maintain borehole stability throughout the drill path. It is believed that failure of the soil surrounding the borehole is controlled by the shear strength of this frictional ground and this influences the maximum allowable mud pressure that may be applied to the borehole. While there have been a number of theoretical studies, there have been few if any experimental investigations to examine the efficacy of the proposed design equations. The basis of this research considers a horizontal directionally drilled borehole and compares the analytical findings with those obtained from a series of smaller and larger-scale laboratory experiments for a uniformly graded sand and layered sand - sand and gravel case. The analytical solutions are considered reasonable for hydrofracture during pullback, but may not be directly applicable to blowout during pilot borehole drilling such as the model researched in the experiments. During the experiments the downhole mud pressures were continuously monitored and observations of composite drilling fluid and sand material were made. Smaller-scale experiments were carried out to determine the response of the horizontal stresses resulting from internal pressurization acting on the sidewalls of the test cell. During the larger-scale experiments, the surface displacements were measured to better understand the influence of an increase in the soil volume with surface displacement. iii Through the course of the research, physical information has been collected regarding the changes that a clean sand undergoes when in contact with a drilling fluid, the ability of a borehole to resist internal loading, and the effectiveness of the various analytical models currently used to estimate the peak allowable internal fluid pressures. In addition, physical data has been collected regarding the displacement of a surrounding material during the introduction of drilling fluid into a horizontally drilled borehole / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-07-25 14:16:41.951

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Binaural comparison of intensity is the basis of sound localisation in crickets. Two features of the neural response, response strength and response latency, can encode intensity. Therefore, binaural difference in spike-count and in latency can be used as sound localisation cues. In this work, I investigate the effects of ultrasound intensity and pulse-rate on sound localisation cues as well as the directionality of the response in an ultrasound-sensitive interneuron, AN2. I found that habituation, a decline in neural response, decreases binaural cues encoded in spike-count but increases the cues encoded in first-spike latency. In addition, binaural spike-count and latency difference encode the exact location of ultrasound pulses with similar reliability. As crickets are submitted to habituating stimuli in their natural environment, latency difference is a more useful cue than spike-count difference to locate an ultrasound, although comparison of these results with a previous study suggests that crickets use predominantly binaural difference in spike-count to localise ultrasound.