Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Economics Department, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MA(Prakt. Teol.)--University of Pretoria, 2005? / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-72)

The issues of discrimination at the labour market are discussed frequently and according to the available sources of information these issues are not overlooked. When you imagine all manners of discrimination at the labour market, the most frequent manner is gender discrimination. It means that women are the most discriminated group. In this thesis I had focused on: the issue of women discrimination on the labour market and the topic of women versus men in the workplace. The society tells us the way how men and women have to look like and how they should behave according to their gender. Every person can observe these patterns since their childhood. The gender is formed by the external influences. The topic of gender discrimination belongs to sociology, however, there is a management sector which deals with the influence of gender inside the company ? it is called the management of gender relations. This is the theme which comes close to the women discrimination and to equal opportunities for men and women in the organization of the company. If the company is interested in establishing equal opportunities at the labour market, it is necessary to see women and men as two different parts of the company. It is impossible to replace the two parts with each other, because both of them have their tasks and the first part cannot work without the second part. The two parts are complementing each other in the family life and in the career life as well. The European Union has one of the most advanced antidiscrimination law in the world. The principle of equal opportunities of men and women is a part of the entrance conditions that have to be fulfilled by all member states and the candidate countries which want to enter the European Union. In the Czech legislative we can find the provision of equal treatment in The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. Another important document is the Labour Code and last but not least is the Antidiscrimination Act. For employers it is necessary to claim equal opportunities for women and men if they want to be popular in the society of the 21st century. The whole society has to take a part in solving this global problem and then the situation at the labour market might become better. Equal opportunities are an important value and it is the sign of a fair company which is based on democracy. That is why the equalization of the relationships between men and women should be the significant aim of companies.

D.Phil. / The world of work of women has elicited much research locally and abroad. Underpinning the research is the societal norm that men are breadwinners and women are homemakers, which poses a dilemma in terms of gender roles in the professional and domestic life of women. Hence the aim of the research was to develop a substantive theory to explore and foreground how women in senior management positions in a knowledge organisation in the telecommunication domain experience their professional and domestic realities against the background of the materialisation of this societal norm. The study was done in the qualitative paradigm, guided by a modernist interpretive theoretical framework. Casing was employed as research design. Six women at senior management level were selected by means of purposive sampling (with the assistance of a gatekeeper). One-on-one semi-structured interviews and field notes were used as data collection methods. Grounded theory (as proposed by Strauss and Corbin) was used to analyse the data. Open coding was done with the aid of the ATLAS.ti computer software programme, whereas axial coding and selective coding were done manually.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DPhil (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

This study investigates the factors influencing survival of micro enterprises funded by the Department of Youth in Botswana. Data drawn from 271 business ventures established between the years 2005 and 2009 was analysed by using the Cox proportional hazards model (CPHM), a survival analysis technique. Results from the analysis suggest that businesses operated by younger owners endure a higher risk of failure in comparison to businesses owned by older entrepreneurs while firm size at start-up was also a significant determinant of survival. As a component of human capital, a personal contribution to the start-up capital and prior employment experience were also found to be significant predictors of business survival. Regarding gender of the business owner, the claim that female operated businesses face a higher probability of failure when compared to businesses run by males was not supported by the study results. The amount of funding from the DOY at start-up was found not to have any influence on the survival or failure outcomes for the business projects. Based on these findings, certain policy implications can be deduced. This study recommends that policy makers focus more on human capital requirements of beneficiaries of government business development initiatives as well as entrepreneur contribution to start-up capital in order to increase the success rate of the business ventures. In addition, the capacity to perform continuous monitoring and mentoring of government funded businesses ventures, particularly SMMEs, should be increased within the relevant departments or alternatively outsourcing of the requisite skills should be considered. Lastly, recommendation to replicate this research, at a larger scale in future is proposed.

This dissertation explores the ways in which the poetry of Gabeba Baderoon, Ingrid de Kok and Makhosazana Xaba challenge the sexist discourses that allow for the exploitation of women‘s bodies. It will also examine how they re-imagine the script 1 of heterosexual romantic love which places women in a submissive position and closes down possibilities for human connections which do not fit within the narrow strictures of this notion of love. The poems selected come from Baderoon‘s two collections, The Dream in the Next Body (2005) and A Hundred Silences (2006), an anthology of Ingrid de Kok‘s poetry spanning all her previous collections entitled Seasonal Fires: New and Selected Poems (2006), and Makhosazana‘s Xaba‘s first poetry collection, These Hands (2005). All three of these contemporary, South African, woman poets present critiques of the sexual exploitation of women and offer explorations of romantic love, relationships and sexual intimacy alternative to contemporary, patriarchal heteronormativity. This analysis will take cognizance of the influence of apartheid and colonial history on the formation of gender politics. It will also examine the representation of women as sexual objects and the spectacularized and graphic depictions of sex and how these poets can be seen to re-present women and re-script sex. Whilst Baderoon and De Kok are concerned with re-imagining heterosexual romantic love and sexual intimacy, their rethinking of love can also be read as useful in engaging with 'queer'2 sexuality and romantic love outside of the heterosexual norm along with Xaba, who is concerned with lesbian desire. Finally, all three poets experiment with traditional poetic form and techniques and it is through this experimentation with poetic language, and the employment of what Julia Kristeva calls the semiotic, that these poets are able to re-imagine love and intimacy. Thus they might be said, to use Kristeva‘s phrase, to stage a 'revolution in poetic language'.

The thesis deals with the role of women in the labor market in the Czech Republic. The goal is to determine the role of women in the labor market in the Czech Republic, to 74 compare the perceived status of women identified through research with the real situation on the labor market and consequently propose corrective measures. The theoretical part deals with gender and gender-integrated organizations, feminism and emancipation movement, discrimination against women in the labor market, anti-discrimination measures by the State and the European Union, the development of the labor market position of women in the labor market position of women in the family and the possibility of harmonizing work and family life. The practical part includes primary research, which aims to map the perception of the problem of women in the labor market, the possibility of harmonizing work and family, results analysis and research for action.

"It is therefore the purpose of this paper to make a thorough study and analysis of the statutes and court decisions with a view to obtaining information relative to the statutes that could or might be affected by passage of an equal rights amendment...Any study of marital laws is a complicated undertaking, and this survey is only a beginning. The main objective is to emphasize and illustrate the need for granting equal rights to women in Texas. "-- leaf 3.

This study first summarizes extant empirical research concerning role depiction of women in television. Analysis of these studies show television's portrayal of women as discriminatory. Second, this study reports results of an original survey of women's organizations to determine what stands and actions had been taken concerning (1) role depiction and (2) employment of women by the television industry. Out of ninety-two organizations surveyed, fifty-one (55 percent) returned useable questionnaires. Responding groups fell into nine categories, with political and educational organizations most active. National Organization for Women was particularly active. Responding groups most often used "citizen action" and "informational actions" to achieve goals.