Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-146). Also available in electronic version.

Inadequate access to safe drinking water is a critical challenge facing millions of people in third world countries. Ionic silver and copper both have proven biocidal capacities and are used in various water treatment applications such as cooling water and swimming pool disinfection. However, these methods of bacterial inactivation have not been expanded to include drinking water treatment due to the inherent health risks associated with consuming high concentrations of the metals which can accumulate in the systems, and therefore also the treated water. The goal of this research was to utilize copper and silver ions to inactivate bacteria in order to provide a method of drinking water treatment that does not require the use of toxic chemicals or large amounts of electricity, as under resourced communities do not have reliable access to these resources. This research also examined methods of removing or recovering residual metal from treated water. The ability to reduce the residual metal concentration not only allows the effluent to meet drinking water guidelines, it also allows for the concentration of metal used during disinfection to be significantly larger than used in previous research. By using a metal concentration that is one or two orders of magnitude higher than typical silver or copper ionization the disinfection is able to be carried out faster and to a fuller extent, all the while not increasing the risk to the consumer as the metal concentration can be decreased to within an acceptable range post disinfection. The lab scale, proof of concept methods used in this research show strong potential as prospective techniques to provide safe drinking water to people in third world nations. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

This review has dealt primarily with the efforts of scientists to control certain smut diseases of grains. The principal reason for treating plant seeds is to obtain good stands of vigorous, healthy plants that will produce increased yields of superior seed.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Tübingen, 1933. / At head of title: Aus dem Hygienischen Institut der Universität Tübingen. "Lebenslauf": p. 53. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Tübingen, 1933. / At head of title: Aus dem Hygienischen Institut der Universität Tübingen. "Lebenslauf": p. 53. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is considering the use of iodine for disinfection of recycled wastewater and potable water in the International Space Station (ISS). Like Chlorine and other halogen compounds, iodine can form disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the presence of organic compounds. Recycled wastewater sources proposed for reuse in the space station include laundry, urine, and humidity condensate. These contain large concentrations of iodine-demanding compounds, including phenol (Barkely et al., 1992). Therefore, the potential for the formation of iodine disinfection by-products (IDBPs) is of concern. Based on the characteristics of the ISS recycled wastewater sources and potable water treatment system, a series of experiments was designed to evaluate the formation of IDBPs under different experimental conditions. Studies were conducted by reacting various concentrations of iodine with phenol at pH 5.5 and 8.0.Iodine concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L and phenol concentrations of 5 and 50 mg/L were used. Reactions were monitored for up to 32 days for the formation of IDBPs. All reactions were maintained at 20 C in dark. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) were used for identification and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. Spectrophotometry was used to monitor the iodine concentrations. Falvor Profile analysis (FPA) method was used to evaluate the odor characteristics of the phenolic compounds. Reactions of iodine with phenol resulted in the formation of the following by-products: 2-iodophenol, 4-iodophenol, diiodophenols, and 2,4,6-triiodophenol. Most reaction conditions studied resulted in the formation of all or some of the specified iodophenols. The initial mass ratio of iodine to phenol was the major determining factor in the concentrations and types of by-products formed. The IDBPs were formed within one hour after initiation of the reactions. Extended reaction times did not lead to significant increases in the concentration of IDBPs. Under most reaction conditions, mono-subsituted phenols were detected at significantly higher concentrations than di-substituted phenolic compounds; triiodophenol was the major by-product when iodine:phenol mass ratio was 10:1. The greatest number of IDBPs were formed when reaction solutions consisted of 1:1 mass ratio of iodine to phenol. FPA panel indicated the odor threshold concentrations for phenol, 2-iodophenol, and 4-iodophenol were 5 mg/L, less than 1 ug/L, and 1 mg/L respectively. The most common odor descriptions for all these compounds were "chemical", "phenolic", and "medicinal". / Master of Science