Thesis: M. Eng. in Logistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (page 56). / Without using any order acceptance criteria, retail companies distributing products with private transportation fleets are not able to maximize their profits because they are not adequately utilizing their capacity. The objective of this paper was to create and validate a model to determine if historical demand data can be used by retail firms operating private fleets to make effective real-time order acceptance/rejection decisions with the purpose of eliminating unprofitable orders in a short-haul transportation setting. A Java tool was generated to instantaneously decide whether or not to accept an order depending on the order location and time of receipt. The model was tested against optimal decisions using total demand knowledge and several alternative real-time decision-making strategies. The model was found to significantly outperform the alternative real-time decision making strategies and provided profits approximately eight percent lower than the optimal decisions. We conclude that using historical demand probabilities is useful in informing the decisions of retail firms seeking to utilize private fleets efficiently and increase profitability through cost reduction. / by Hiral Nisar and Joshua Rosenzweig. / M. Eng. in Logistics

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2003. / Also issued in leaves. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-120). / The terrorist attacks undertaken by Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda organization on the morning of September 11, 2001 ushered in a new era of indiscriminate global terrorism characterized by an unprecedented focus on security, risk management, and business continuity. The probability of future attacks, coupled with government response to the threat, has introduced myriad new challenges that virtually every manufacturer, distributor, and retailer engaged in global commerce must now face. This thesis will explore and analyze the impact that the "new" terrorist threat has, and will continue to have, on the supply chains of those manufacturers, distributors, and retailers by studying relevant historical disruptions; in essence, looking to the past to glean important insights as to how enterprises can best prepare for the future. Throughout history, numerous disruptive events have occurred that bear comparison to a potential terrorist attack. These events include earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, industrial accidents, and labor strikes, as well as other terrorist attacks. By studying such events in detail and understanding the impact that they had on the supply chains of companies that were affected, important lessons can be learned regarding how best to prepare for, and react to, future disruptions. This thesis project ultimately seeks to collect, analyze, and synthesize historical data with the goal of presenting insights and conclusions that can be applied by businesses in the current operating environment to best prepare their supply chains for future disruptions, whether natural or man-made. All research results are organized and presented in terms of the nature of the specific supply chain disruption (key supplier down, transportation capability disrupted, etc.) / (cont.), as opposed to the nature, location, or other defining characteristics of the disaster itself. Conclusions consist of a discussion of the unifying themes and the relevant lessons learned. The thesis then goes on to recommend ten prescriptive measures that organizations can take in today's business environment to strengthen their supply chains, minimize their exposure to future disruptions, and maximize their operational resilience. / by Christopher B. Pickett. / M.Eng.in Logistics

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78). / This thesis explores the strategies, methodologies and tools for an optimal management of Reusable Transport Items, such as containers or chassis, in an extensive multi-depots network. We use an ocean shipping company operating globally to propose a broad, comprehensive and integrated system for an optimal management of the fleet, embracing technology, processes and monitoring system. The ability to track these assets is the first step to visibility and fleet optimization and we will question the opportunity for a company to invest in a real time tracking technology. In highly complex logistic networks, the challenge is to get the right equipment at the right place at the right time, in a cost efficient manner and with a fleet size as small as possible. Beyond increased visibility through tracking capabilities, we show that choosing an appropriate utilization metrics helps identify and quantify other areas of improvement. Using actual data, we evaluate to what extent the fleet size can be reduced by improving asset utilization and how leasing also impacts operating costs. We also show how the structural imbalance of trade (some regions being net exporters while others are net importers) impacts both global repositioning policy and local inventory policy, with depots of different profiles requiring different policies. Understanding this systematic and systemic approach of fleet management, we assess the contribution of tracking technology capabilities to these potential improvements. / by Jean-Marie Lefebvre and Dameng Yue. / M.Eng.in Logistics

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66). / This thesis reviews the current logistics processes and issues for container shipments in the supply chain. In particular, the problems associated with container shipments from China to the US, via the Hong Kong Port, includes low end-to-end visibility, security concerns, low product- handling productivity, and unmanageable unexpected events. Research was conducted using results from both interviews and surveys to collect information about the current process. This thesis also proposes the use of RFID-enabled logistics to improve the current processes and discusses the impact and value of the RFID-enabled processes. The research results show that through RFID technology, collaborators in the supply chain can improve product-handling productivity, supply chain visibility, and product security. Furthermore, the RFID application for supply chain management can increase the use of direct shipment and cross-docking, which result in considerable cost savings to both a manufacturer and a retailer. / by Taehee Han. / M.Eng.in Logistics

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-85). / Companies in the footwear and apparel industry must deal with many supply chain challenges, including intense competition, long production lead times, reliance on international carriers, and shifting consumer preferences. For many large companies, only design and distribution are performed internally. This places pressure on footwear and apparel companies to continually improve supply chain management. This study considers a company in the footwear and apparel industry and its option to consolidate distribution for two separate regions into one. One region currently serves nine times the demand of the other region. In addition, there are differences in labor and transportation costs between the two regions. The company would like to understand the financial, operational, and service impacts associated with consolidation. This study uses a total logistics system approach with particular focus on inventory. The results indicate that if the company were to consolidate distribution for the two regions into one, then there would be a slight total logistics system cost increase. This is due mainly to differences in labor and transportation costs between the two regions. However, sensitivity analysis indicates that if some costs can be reduced, there may actually be potential savings associated with consolidating the two regions. / by Pablo Tercero. / M.Eng.in Logistics

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 48). / This thesis analyzed truckload shipment transactions from 2006 to 2008 in order to compare planned procurement activity to actual procurement activity. The research specifically focused on three costs: Primary, Actual and Market. Primary cost is the cost agreed to pay to the primary carrier and is usually contractually fixed in advance. The actual cost is the cost paid to the carrier that hauls the load and the market cost is the average cost for the lane that a shipper should pay. This market cost is a benchmarking cost available to the shippers. The comparison of planned and actual is important because it helps to develop a strategy that decreases transportation costs by identifying overpaid lanes and carriers and it helps to monitor and make corrective decisions. The research suggests that the matching of planning and execution occurred in less than 10% of the lanes and there are under and overpaid lanes. The execution rendered more than 50% of overpaid lanes and the planning showed a commitment to overpay in 45% or more of lanes. Finally this research proposes ideas to improve the truckload procurement strategy because shippers cannot afford to "plan to waste". / by Carlos Gustavo Castro Izaguirre. / M.Eng.in Logistics

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014. / Some pages printed landscape. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-114). / A new approach for analyzing multiple control systems within the STPA framework has been developed and demonstrated. The new approach meets the growing need of system engineers to analyze integrated control systems, that may or may not have been developed in a coordinated manner, and assess them for safety and performance. This need comes from the increasing proliferation of embedded control systems across domains including defense, energy, healthcare, automotive, aerospace, and consumer products. When multiple embedded control systems are integrated together, they have the potential to operate in uncoordinated and conflicting ways which might hinder their performance and lead to unsafe behavior. This new approach provides a means for engineers to analyze the integration of control systems, beginning during concept development and continuing through the design process. The approach leverages the results of STPA Step 1 and guides the analyst in identifying instances of potential conflict between controllers. The method is demonstrated through a case study from the automotive domain, the integration of three driver assistance systems. The first application of the new approach identified instances of conflict amongst the three systems that would prohibit their successful operation in the field. Following the presentation of the case study, suggestions for future work and use in practice are provided. / by Matthew Seth Placke. / S.M.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2013. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-202). / As technology improves, traditional systems are being interconnected into larger systems of systems (SoS) that operate in diverse contexts, where numerous perturbations exist that threaten the ability of the SoS to deliver acceptable value to its diverse set of stakeholders. Furthermore, the systems of systems themselves can change form voluntarily or involuntarily in response to contextual variability or stakeholder whims. Various system properties, or "-ilities" have been defined that may help traditional systems provide value to stakeholders in spite of change, but they have not specifically addressed the issue of systems operating within larger systems of systems. This dissertation defines the concept of viability for engineered systems, as a likelihood that systems will satisfy their stakeholder needs over the system's expected lifetime, and identifies and develops strategies that system architects can use to create viable systems. The concept of viability helps system architects design systems that can survive contextual perturbations, whether they are from entities outside the traditional system boundary, or from other constituent systems within a SoS. In addition to external perturbations, this dissertation addresses the need to ensure that endogenous changes made to improve value delivery, do not inadvertently cause unintended interactions that harm the system overall. This is particularly a concern with the proliferation of systems of systems, and the recent drive towards making systems more changeable as a mechanism for value sustainment in dynamic environments. A new "ility", pliability, is introduced that specifies the limits on how a system can change, without "breaking" or violating an architecture that was intended and validated. Like changeability, pliability increases robustness by allowing systems to voluntarily change in response to dynamic contexts, and increases survivability and robustness by increasing the likelihood that unintentional changes are still within the set of allowable instances. It also distinguishes allowable changes from those that would require validation, reducing the effort required to get those changes approved by a diverse set of stakeholders. / by Brian Mekdeci. / Ph.D.

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60). / In the retail industry, consumer package goods (CPG) manufacturers have been working with retailers to use Vendor-managed Inventory (VMI) to improve the overall supply chain inventory turns and finished product velocity. This thesis explores those opportunities where a consumer packaged goods company can benefit from using VMI information to improve forecasting. First, this thesis discusses a novel way to compare those forecasts at downstream and upstream demand planning levels. Forecast errors are calculated in relation to the forecast data aggregation levels. Second, a causal model is used to analyze the contributing factors of high demand planning forecast. Finally, recommendations are provided on how to use VMI information and thus incorporate VMI forecasts into the upstream supply chain planning process. / by Xihang Kou. / M.Eng.in Logistics

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-72). / (cont.) Lastly, we visited SemiCo, a leading global supplier of high performance semiconductor products, to gain first-hand insight into the S&OP process of a large multinational company and complete a brief case study about how risk management is currently being utilized within this company's S&OP process. Finally, we synthesized these four sources of information in order to develop a common framework and recommendations that companies can use for understanding the best practices for incorporating risk management into the S&OP process. / The objective of this thesis project is to analyze how companies can utilize risk management techniques in their sales and operations planning process (S&OP). S&OP is a strategy used to integrate planning and processes across functional groups within a company, such as sales, operations, and finance. A large body of academic and industry literature already exits, proving that S&OP can integrate people, processes, and technology leading to improved operational performance for a business. However, little research has been done in the area of applying risk management techniques to the S&OP process. When companies use S&OP in order to align their demand, supply, capacity, and production, based on various factors such as history, pricing, promotions, competition, and technology, they rarely factor in uncertainty and risk into the S&OP process. Furthermore, for those companies that do implement risk management in the S&OP process, there is no consensus in the business community about how to do this accurately and effectively. Our basic approach to understanding risk management and its place in the S&OP process will be four-fold. First, we conducted a literature review in order to gain basic S&OP process understanding and current risk management strategies. Next, we conducted thirteen hour-long phone interviews with practitioners and thought leaders in the field of sales and operations planning in order to gain insight into how companies currently discuss, assess, and act upon uncertainty within the S&OP process. Third, we conducted an online survey of various companies and consultants working in the field of S&OP to see how they currently discuss and incorporate uncertainty into their S&OP work. / by Yanika Daniels and Timothy Kenny. / M.Eng.in Logistics