As doping has tremendous negative consequences for athletes and the integrity of sports, the need for effective prevention programs is obvious. Primary prevention through education at an early age is key; however, educating young athletes about doping-related knowledge is deemed to be not sufficiently effective to minimize doping. An alternative educational approach which focuses on values, emotions and morality seems promising and is encouraged by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Hence, this PhD project aimed to promote the field of values-based doping prevention within the German speaking countries. To this end, empirical evidence on psychosocial variables related to doping was used a) to establish a number of validated German instruments to appropriately measure these variables, b) to provide further support for the nomological network of these variables, and c) to inform the development of a values-based doping prevention program which was then implemented in German and Austrian elite youth sport and evaluated regarding its effectiveness. In conclusion, this work contributes valid and reliable measurement instruments, gives further insights concerning the role of moral variables in regard to doping, and delivers comprehensive and evaluated material for values-based education that can be practically applied and complement traditional information-based approaches.