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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A study of errors for 4D lung dose calculation

sayah, nahla K 01 January 2015 (has links)
To estimate the delivered dose to the patient during intra-fraction or throughout the whole treatment, it is important to determine the contribution of dose accumulated at different patient geometries to the overall dose. Dose mapping utilizes deformable image registration to map doses deposited on patient geometries at different times. Inputs to the dose mapping process are the irradiated and reference images, the displacement vector field, and a dose mapping algorithm. Thus accuracy of the mapped dose depends on the DVF and dose mapping algorithm. Dose mapping had been the subject of many research studies however, up to now there is no gold standard DIR or dose mapping algorithm. This thesis compares current dose mapping algorithms under different conditions such as choosing the planning target and dose grid size, and introduces new tool to estimate the required spatial accuracy of a DVF. 11 lung patients were used for this thesis work. IMRT plans were generated on the end of inhale breathing phases with 66 Gy as the prescription dose. Demons DVF’s were generated using the Pinnacle treatment planning system DIR interface. Dtransform, Tri-linear with sub-voxel division, and Pinnacle dose mapping algorithms were compared to energy transfer with mass sub-voxel mapping. For breathing phase 50% on 11 patients, tissue density gradients were highest around the edge of the tumor compared to the CTV and the PTV edge voxels. Thus treatment plans generated with margin equal to zero on the tumor might yield the highest dose mapping error (DME). For plans generated on the tumor, there was no clinical effect of DME on the MLD, lung V20, and Esophagus volume indices. Statistically, MLD and lung V20 DME were significant. Two patients had D98 Pinnacle-DME of 4.4 and 1.2 Gy. In high dose gradient regions DVF spatial accuracy of ~ 1 mm is needed while 8 to 10 mm DVF accuracy can be tolerated before introducing any considerable dose mapping errors inside the CTV. By using ETM with mass sub-voxel mapping and adapting the reported DVF accuracy, the findings of this thesis have the potential to increase the accuracy of 4D lung planning.
2

Estudo e otimização dos parâmetros de processamento por radiação gama em escala industrial considerando fatores operacionais / Study and optimization of parameters of gamma ray processing in industrial scale considering operational factors

Santos, Paulo de Souza 02 January 2017 (has links)
O processamento por radiação gama para beneficiamento de produtos tem se tornado uma tecnologia aceita mundialmente. Tem como aplicações a esterilização de produtos médicos, a irradiação de alimentos e produtos agrícolas, a modificação de materiais poliméricos e biomateriais, a preservação de objetos de patrimônio cultural, a esterilização de tecidos humanos para transplante, a mudança de cor em gemas, dentre outros. Desde 2004, o Irradiador Multipropósito de Cobalto-60 do Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações do IPEN tem sido utilizado no estudo e aperfeiçoamento dessas aplicações com objetivos de pesquisa e no estabelecimento de aplicações rotineiras. Este, embora concebido para trabalhar no modo contínuo de irradiação, é utilizado no modo estacionário mais indicado para irradiações de materiais delicados ou de pesquisa. Neste trabalho foram validadas e verificadas experimentalmente as adequações dos métodos à irradiação estacionária; bem como as interrupções para medição de doses em dosímetros de polimetilmetacrilato em processos fracionados, onde seu uso se mostrou adequado para taxas de dose maiores que 2kGy·h-1. A descrição do processo de carga das fontes mostra a importância do seu planejamento e seu impacto na distribuição de taxas de dose. Os mapeamentos das doses e taxas de dose permitiram localizar regiões de valores homogêneos e máximos. Foi estabelecido um procedimento de irradiação de tecidos para aloenxertia utilizando monitoração dosimétrica externa. Foram levantados os custos e despesas de irradiação, aplicáveis a instalações governamentais. O balanço energético da piscina de armazenamento das fontes permitiu calcular o fluxo de calor do sistema e definir as condições máximas de operação sem trocador de calor. / The gamma radiation processing is a well-accepted technology around the world. The mean applications are sterilization of medical products, irradiation of food and agriculture products, polymeric and biomaterials modification, Cultural Heritage objects preservation, humans tissues sterilization, gemstone colorization. Since 2004, the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility at the Radiation Technology Center of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute has been used for improvement of research applications and for establishment of routine processes. Moreover, this equipment was developed to work in continuous irradiation mode; it has been used in stationary irradiation mode most of times - recommended to the irradiation of sensible materials. In this work, the applicability of the stationary irradiation methods were experimentally validated and verified. Results shown that absorbed dose measurements carried out with polymethyl methacrylate dosimeters in irradiation processes with interruption can be performed at dose rates upper 2kGy·h-1. Radioactive sources loading and installation processes have been documented showing the importance of planning, as well the impact in the dose rates distribution at the source racks. The dose and dose rate mapping allowed finding homogeneous and higher dose rates zones. A procedure for human tissues irradiation using only external dosimetry was established. The irradiation service costs and expenses related have been estimated, applicable particularly for government facilities. The energetic balance of the sources storage pool was carry out to evaluate the heat transfer conditions and limitations of the system.
3

Estudo e otimização dos parâmetros de processamento por radiação gama em escala industrial considerando fatores operacionais / Study and optimization of parameters of gamma ray processing in industrial scale considering operational factors

Paulo de Souza Santos 02 January 2017 (has links)
O processamento por radiação gama para beneficiamento de produtos tem se tornado uma tecnologia aceita mundialmente. Tem como aplicações a esterilização de produtos médicos, a irradiação de alimentos e produtos agrícolas, a modificação de materiais poliméricos e biomateriais, a preservação de objetos de patrimônio cultural, a esterilização de tecidos humanos para transplante, a mudança de cor em gemas, dentre outros. Desde 2004, o Irradiador Multipropósito de Cobalto-60 do Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações do IPEN tem sido utilizado no estudo e aperfeiçoamento dessas aplicações com objetivos de pesquisa e no estabelecimento de aplicações rotineiras. Este, embora concebido para trabalhar no modo contínuo de irradiação, é utilizado no modo estacionário mais indicado para irradiações de materiais delicados ou de pesquisa. Neste trabalho foram validadas e verificadas experimentalmente as adequações dos métodos à irradiação estacionária; bem como as interrupções para medição de doses em dosímetros de polimetilmetacrilato em processos fracionados, onde seu uso se mostrou adequado para taxas de dose maiores que 2kGy·h-1. A descrição do processo de carga das fontes mostra a importância do seu planejamento e seu impacto na distribuição de taxas de dose. Os mapeamentos das doses e taxas de dose permitiram localizar regiões de valores homogêneos e máximos. Foi estabelecido um procedimento de irradiação de tecidos para aloenxertia utilizando monitoração dosimétrica externa. Foram levantados os custos e despesas de irradiação, aplicáveis a instalações governamentais. O balanço energético da piscina de armazenamento das fontes permitiu calcular o fluxo de calor do sistema e definir as condições máximas de operação sem trocador de calor. / The gamma radiation processing is a well-accepted technology around the world. The mean applications are sterilization of medical products, irradiation of food and agriculture products, polymeric and biomaterials modification, Cultural Heritage objects preservation, humans tissues sterilization, gemstone colorization. Since 2004, the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility at the Radiation Technology Center of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute has been used for improvement of research applications and for establishment of routine processes. Moreover, this equipment was developed to work in continuous irradiation mode; it has been used in stationary irradiation mode most of times - recommended to the irradiation of sensible materials. In this work, the applicability of the stationary irradiation methods were experimentally validated and verified. Results shown that absorbed dose measurements carried out with polymethyl methacrylate dosimeters in irradiation processes with interruption can be performed at dose rates upper 2kGy·h-1. Radioactive sources loading and installation processes have been documented showing the importance of planning, as well the impact in the dose rates distribution at the source racks. The dose and dose rate mapping allowed finding homogeneous and higher dose rates zones. A procedure for human tissues irradiation using only external dosimetry was established. The irradiation service costs and expenses related have been estimated, applicable particularly for government facilities. The energetic balance of the sources storage pool was carry out to evaluate the heat transfer conditions and limitations of the system.

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