Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um novo método para a determinação das doses absorvidas nos exames de tomografia computadorizada, utilizando a dosimetria com Fricke gel desenvolvido no IPEN. Foram determinadas as doses absorvidas por diferentes metodologias de análise, como a espectrometria de absorção óptica, câmaras de ionização e imageamento por ressonância magnética. Foram realizados testes de limite mínimo de sensibilidade da solução de Fricke gel, repetitividade de sinal da solução de Fricke gel e dos equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada, sensibilidade de detecção, entre outros. Foram utilizados diferentes equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada com múltiplos detectores. A solução Fricke gel apresentou repetitividade melhor que ± 5,5% utilizando a técnica de espectrofotometria de absorção óptica e os equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada apresentaram repetitividade melhor que ± 0,2%. Foi desenvolvido um objeto simulador de crânio preenchido com a solução Fricke gel para a determinação da colimação total do equipamento e a distribuição de dose utilizando a técnica de imageamento tridimensional por ressonância magnética. A solução Fricke gel apresenta um preparo fácil e relativamente rápido, porém é necessária atenção para não haver contaminação e perder a solução. Com os resultados obtidos foi confirmada a aplicação deste tipo de dosimetria para os equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada. / In this work it was determined a new method for the determination of absorbed doses in Computed Tomography (CT) examinations using Fricke gel dosimetry developed at IPEN. Absorbed doses were determined by different methods of analysis, such as optical absorption spectrometry, ionization chambers and magnetic resonance imaging. Lower limit of sensitivity of the Fricke gel solution, the solution repeatability signal Fricke gel and CT equipment, detection sensitivity, among other tests were performed. Different equipment of computed tomography with multiple detectors were used. The Fricke gel solution showed better repeatability than 5.5% using the technique of optical absorption spectrophotometry and computed tomography equipment showed repeatability better than ± 0.2%. It was developed a skull phantom which was filled with Fricke gel solution for determining the total collimation of the equipment and the dose distribution using the technique of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. The Fricke gel solution features an easy and relatively quick preparation, but it is necessary to be careful not to contaminate and lose the solution. With the results it was confirmed the application of this type of dosimetry for computed tomography equipment.

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um novo método para a determinação das doses absorvidas nos exames de tomografia computadorizada, utilizando a dosimetria com Fricke gel desenvolvido no IPEN. Foram determinadas as doses absorvidas por diferentes metodologias de análise, como a espectrometria de absorção óptica, câmaras de ionização e imageamento por ressonância magnética. Foram realizados testes de limite mínimo de sensibilidade da solução de Fricke gel, repetitividade de sinal da solução de Fricke gel e dos equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada, sensibilidade de detecção, entre outros. Foram utilizados diferentes equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada com múltiplos detectores. A solução Fricke gel apresentou repetitividade melhor que ± 5,5% utilizando a técnica de espectrofotometria de absorção óptica e os equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada apresentaram repetitividade melhor que ± 0,2%. Foi desenvolvido um objeto simulador de crânio preenchido com a solução Fricke gel para a determinação da colimação total do equipamento e a distribuição de dose utilizando a técnica de imageamento tridimensional por ressonância magnética. A solução Fricke gel apresenta um preparo fácil e relativamente rápido, porém é necessária atenção para não haver contaminação e perder a solução. Com os resultados obtidos foi confirmada a aplicação deste tipo de dosimetria para os equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada. / In this work it was determined a new method for the determination of absorbed doses in Computed Tomography (CT) examinations using Fricke gel dosimetry developed at IPEN. Absorbed doses were determined by different methods of analysis, such as optical absorption spectrometry, ionization chambers and magnetic resonance imaging. Lower limit of sensitivity of the Fricke gel solution, the solution repeatability signal Fricke gel and CT equipment, detection sensitivity, among other tests were performed. Different equipment of computed tomography with multiple detectors were used. The Fricke gel solution showed better repeatability than 5.5% using the technique of optical absorption spectrophotometry and computed tomography equipment showed repeatability better than ± 0.2%. It was developed a skull phantom which was filled with Fricke gel solution for determining the total collimation of the equipment and the dose distribution using the technique of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. The Fricke gel solution features an easy and relatively quick preparation, but it is necessary to be careful not to contaminate and lose the solution. With the results it was confirmed the application of this type of dosimetry for computed tomography equipment.

A basic requirement for all therapeutic applications of ionizing radiation is the high accuracy of delivery of the prescribed dose to the target volume of tissue healing. Each radiotherapy department must have in the quality assurance program developed methodology for testing the operational stability, which are reviewed and approved by The State Office for Nuclear Safety (SÚJB). A part of testing the operational stability of linear accelerators is also a regular assessment and measurement of parameters of radiation field, which is done by measuring the dose profiles. The thesis presents the results of measurement and evaluation of photon beam dose profiles of a linear accelerator, measured using the line-semiconductor detector (LDA-99SC company IBA) in the automatic water phantom under the reference conditions and their comparison with results obtained from measurement with the ionization chamber under the same terms of reference. The advantage of using a linear detector is a semiconductor that consists of 99 individual detectors in one line at a distance of 5 mm from each other and is able to measure the radiation dose profile field in a much shorter time than using an ionization chamber, where only one detector output can measure dose point after point. Usage of any other independent system for...

<p>The main focus of this work is to improve the existing clinical machine model within the Pinnacle software planning system (at Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, CA). The incident energy fluence spectrum exiting from the accelerator head is considered an important element of the machine model. Relying on the Pinnacle auto modeling function to determine the relative photon fluence spectrum based on percent depth dose curves fitting for various filed sizes, led to different solutions when the process cycle were repeated. This work presents a new method for determining the Pinnacle photon energy fluence spectrum based on 6 MV Varian 21EX machine. A Monte Carlo simulation spectrum based on BEAMnrc code was attenuated to various depths of water. We determine that, the BEAMnrc spectrum attenuated by 15 cm of water gives the closest agreement between the computed and measured depth dose, similar to the clinical machine spectrum.</p> <p>Implementing the novel spectrum into a machine that retained the same modeling parameters as the clinical machine (21ex-JCC) shows a slight better calculation of the output factor. The MLC model parameters were also investigated, however, adjusting the MLC offset table was found to give significant improvements, especially for the small field geometries.</p> <p>The full impact of adjusting the photon energy spectrum, Off-Axis Softening Factor, MLC rounded leaf tip radius and MLC calibration offsets were investigated individually, resulting in a good model parameter fit. Several proposed supplementary setups were created to further assess our model. This include a geometry sensitive to MLC abutment leakage, the calculation of output factors for long and narrow MLC defined fields, and small square MLC and jaws defined fields. A Sun-Point diode detector was used in the measurement of the output factors for its accurate precision at small geometries. In addition, a GAFCHROMIC EBT2 film dosimetry was used in the measurement of the MLC abutment leakage.</p> <p>Our new model shows superior results in comparison to the clinical 21ex-JCC machine model, especially with MLC small field calculations. We conclude that relying on PDD curves and dose profiles validation method in assessing the model might not necessarily lead to the best machine parameters, since these are not sensitive to subtle changes in parameters that have important dosimetric consequences.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)