Keerthana Samala, for the Master of Science degree in Electrical and Computer, presented on 05/11/2018, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: Test Pattern Generation for Double Transition Faults MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Spyros Tragoudas Under double transition fault model, a fault is associated with a pair of lines and a pair of transitions on these lines. The proposed double transition fault model includes set of cases where the increased delay of a single faulty line may be too small to cause the faulty behavior of the circuit. However, when this delay propagates through another faulty line then the total delay is assumed to be beyond the specified circuit delay which may cause the circuit to fail, thus causing a double transition fault. We propose a test generation procedure for double transition faults, considering different cases of the model. For this purpose a PODEM based Automatic Test Pattern Generation Tool was modified and used. We present experimental results of this procedure for several ISCAS '85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits.

No description available.

South Africa has a residence based system of taxation in which South African tax residents are taxed on their worldwide income. A company or other artificial person is regarded as a South African resident for tax purposes if it is incorporated, established or formed in South Africa or if its ‗effective management‘ is located in South Africa. Where a tax treaty determines in terms of its tie breaker rule that an artificial person is not resident in South Africa for treaty purposes, the company will also not be regarded as a tax resident in terms of South African domestic law. Treaties to which South Africa is party will often use the effective management‘ as the tie-breaker where a person other than an individual is resident in both Contracting states in terms of the respective states‘ domestic laws. The tests of ‗incorporation, established and formed‘ provide simplicity and certainty to governments but are easily open to manipulation by taxpayers. Therefore, the legislature found it necessary to incorporate effective management‘ as a test for residency into the Act. Effective management‘ is a substance over form concept which be described as a function which embodies the periodic, most senior executive management functions, which are required for the management of the affairs of the entity as whole. The test of effective management‘ by its very nature is concerned with where the crucial decisions are made in order to make a business function. To identify the location of effective management‘ it is necessary to enquire who calls the shots‘ in the context of the management of the company as opposed to who controls the company notwithstanding that there may in certain instances be overlap between the two functions. It is submitted that any person who, on the face of it seems unconnected to a company, could effectively manage‘ a company if that person is, in substance, responsible for the most senior executive management functions of the company. The discussion paper issued by SARS recognises the principal difficulties experienced with its current interpretation of the concept and makes valuable points, concessions and recommendations. It also recognised that the 'calling of shots' by the most senior executive is a critical marker of effective management‘ and that control of a company is irrelevant in determining effective management‘. To determine who effectively manages‘ a company each situation would have to be analysed on its own as it is not possible to create a definitive rule on the concept. In many cases the nature of the entity and its modus operandi would have to be taken into account to determine effective management.

A statistical study of the orbital elements of Spectroscopic Binary Systems is undertaken with attention given to the distribution of ω, the longitude of periastron, and the observed distribution of orbital eccentricities and periods. Selection effects are taken into account in both cases. Test results indicate that the major non-uniformities previously found by other investigators for the distribution of u have been reduced or eliminated for certain categories of data. A positive correlation is discovered for the observed tabulation of periods and eccentricities. The latter result is viewed with caution, due to certain criteria established in the analysis. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Malgré des différences culturelles, d’importantes similitudes peuvent êtres notées dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest. En effet, les doubles portraits - photographies de deux figures semblables ou identiques - sont fréquents sur les présentoirs des studios et répandus depuis plusieurs décennies. Semblables, les figures de deux personnes distinctes sont intentionnellement unies par une ressemblance gémellaire. Identiques, elles sont les figures d’une personne unique, reproduite deux fois, comme si elle était à côté de son jumeau. Bien connus des recherches des anthropologues et des historiens sur la photographie, les doubles n’ont pourtant jamais été traités sous l’angle d’une production esthétique spécifique. Plus qu’une mode passagère ou une stratégie commerciale, et suggérant des liens avec des significations culturelles, ils constituent un phénomène artistique que cette thèse se propose d’explorer dans les cadres de l’histoire de l’art. Elle est basée sur un ensemble de trois cents doubles portraits réalisés entre la fin des années 1960 et nos jours, recueillis auprès de cent photographes rencontrés dans quatre pays d’Afrique subsaharienne : Togo, Bénin, Burkina Faso et Mali, et renseignés par des clients des studios, des anonymes et des protagonistes de la vie culturelle. Les doubles portraits sont ainsi analysés dans les contextes de leur production et de leur réception. Il sont étudiés comme des indices et des icônes, soulevant les questions de la représentation, de la ressemblance et des valeurs esthétiques propres à l’art des doubles. Ils sont abordés en fonction des définitions locales de la personne, puis insérés dans une histoire des créations d’Afrique occidentale (des sculptures aux photographies) et situés dans une histoire plus large des doubles portraits gémellaires entre l’Afrique et l’Europe. Ils sont enfin mis en perspective avec un imaginaire - dont ils sont les germes et les fruits - inspiré par les mythes et les pratiques de la gémellité, dans ces pays qui connaissent le taux de naissances gémellaires le plus élevé au monde. / Despite evident cultural differences, we can nevertheless notice great similarities in many West African countries. In studio windows, double portraits - photographs of two similar or identical figures - are often displayed. In the case of the similar figures, an attempt is made to create a twin-like resemblance between two different people. When the figures are identical, one person has been reproduced twice on the same print as if he or she was next to a twin. Though acknowledged to some extent by anthropologists and historians, research on West Africa studio photography has never approached double portraits in photography as a specific aesthetic production. Widespread for several decades, more than mere entertainment, a passing fad or a commercial strategy and suggesting links with cultural meanings, they are an artistic phenomenon worthy of historical art analysis. This thesis explores the subject. It is based on a collection of three hundred photographs dating from the 1970s up to the present day, collected from a hundred photographers in four sub-Saharan countries (Togo, Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali), and informed by studio customers, locals, and people involved in the cultural life. The double portraits are thus analyzed in regard to their contexts of both production and reception. They are also studied as index and icons, raising questions on representation, likeness and aesthetic values, which are the specific issues of the art of the double. They are discussed according to the local definitions of beings, then situated within a history of African sculpture and photography and in a more comprehensive history of double and twin portraits between Europe and Africa. They will finally be contextualized through a collective imagination of “twinness” of which they are the seeds and fruits ; an imagination - as a whole range of visual and conceptual images - inspired by myths and practices related to twinship in these countries where the twin birth rate is the highest in the world.

With the recent rise of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) prices and the spike in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) prices in 2011, a renewed interest in double-cropping cotton following wheat production occurred. Research was established to improve production practices of double-cropped cotton at three Mississippi locations, Starkville (2012-2013), Brooksville (2012-2013), and Stoneville (2013). Cotton following wheat has the potential to result in a higher return compared to soybeans; however, the financial risk associated with cotton is far greater than with soybeans. Growers should increase seeding rates by 20% when double-cropping cotton following wheat and burn the wheat stubble to maximize yield. No definitive N rate was observed to maximize yield; however, a normal rate full-season cotton is not recommended as high N rates delayed maturity and increased the potential yield loss.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether conception, ovulation rates, presynchronization rates, or follicle and CL characteristics were altered after modifying the Double-Ovsynch (DO) protocol to include human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) compared to the conventional DO protocol in dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows. We hypothesized that replacing the first injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the DO protocol with hCG would increase the proportion of females that ovulate, thus improving the presynchronization rate leading to increased conception rates. Ovulation rates were increased in cows administered hCG compared to GnRH, but subsequent synchronization, and conception rates did not differ between treatments. A greater proportion of hCG-treated cows tended to fail to have undergone luteolysis compared to those treated with GnRH. In conclusion, no improvement in overall fertility was achieved by replacing the first injection of GnRH in the DO protocol with hCG.

No description available.

The initial idea for this thesis involved the design of an addition to Cowgill Hall on the Virginia Tech Campus in Blacksburg, Virginia. This addition, to be constructed with an envelope comprised primarily of glass, would be located on the south side of Cowgill Hall, adjacent to Cowgill Plaza. The all-glass box would add a transparent volume to the existing building, diminishing the barrier between inside and outside. The project would also energize the existing plaza by connecting the activity inside to outside and providing the dynamic reflection of a glass facade. Cowgill Hall would also be given new life by providing a new shared vertical space for dynamic communication and light. Potential problems associated with the all-glass box include high heat loss or gain, glare and noise control. A double envelope system of construction was explored as a means of solving some of these problems and an endeavor on literature review, technical research and design improvement of double glass facade was also made. / Master of Architecture

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) have been principally known as anion-exchanging, clay-like materials for several decades, and continues to be the main driving force for current and future research. The chemical interactions of LDH, with transition metallocyanides, have been a popular topic of investigation for many years, partly due to the use of powder x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy as the main characterization tools. Each transition metallocyanide has a characteristic infrared stretching frequency that can be easily observed, and their respective sizes can be observed while intercalated within the interlayer of the LDH. The ability of LDH to incorporate metal cations or any ions/molecules/complexes, that have a postive charge, have not been previously investigated, mainly due to the chemical and physical nature of LDH. The possibility of cationic incorporation with LDH would most likely occur by surface adsorption, lattice metal replacement, or by intercalation into the LDH interlayers. Although infrared spectroscopy finds it main use through the identification of the anions incorporated with LDH, it can also be used to study and identify the various active and inactive bending and stretching modes that the metal hydroxide layers have.