Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 1999. / Title from PDF t.p.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, March, 1997. / Title from PDF t.p.

This report presents numerical analyses of dowel connections modeled in ABAQUS using a rheological model for wood taking into account loading time, moisture content of wood and the load case. Some experimental tests under constant moisture content have been modeled as well and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experiments. Variable relative humidity conditions have been applied to some connections. The results show that the variations of moisture content in wood can strongly increase the stresses in wood, especially in the direction perpendicular to the grain. The same connection has been modeled with and without reinforcement based on glued-in rods. It appears that the presence of glued-in rods affects the stresses around the holes and most of the tension stresses are converted into compression stresses. A one dowel connection has been modeled to study the influence of the friction coefficient between wood and steel on the crack appearance. The results have showed that the higher the friction coefficient is, the smaller the strains perpendicular to grain are. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

O setor da construção civil em países desenvolvidos tem caminhado no sentido da industrialização e da sustentabilidade dos materiais construtivos e estruturais, e neste sentido a construção em madeira maciça tem ganhado destaque. Produtos como painéis de CLT já estão sendo usados para construção de grandes prédios multipavimentos, porem outros produtos que utilizam o mesmo princípio da laminação cruzada vem ganhando espaço, como é o caso do painel de lamelas cruzadas cavilhadas, chamado de DCLT. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o comportamento estrutural de painéis DCLT com lamelas feitas com madeira de Pinus Elliottii e Pinus Taeda e cavilhas de pau-roxo (Peltogyne spp., Leguminosae), onde foi desenvolvido um modelo de ensaio específico para as ligações neste tipo de painel, simulações em software de elementos finitos no modelo de ensaio desenvolvido, ensaios de flexão nos painéis de tamanho estrutural e posterior comparação com os métodos analíticos de cálculo de painéis de lamelas cruzada. Os resultados obtidos para rigidez dos painéis foram de 727 e 1353 kNm² para o painel de 3 e 5 camadas, respectivamente. Os valores analíticos ficaram muito próximos aos valores experimentais, validando o novo procedimento de ensaio com o qual foi obtido o valor do módulo de deslizamento usado nos cálculos analíticos. Em termos de resistência, o painel de 3 camadas se mostrou mais resistente, pois com uma dimensão menor, resistiu proporcionalmente mais carga. De maneira geral, os painéis poderiam vencer vãos de até quatro metros suportando uma carga de 150 kg/m², mostrando ser um potencial produto para uso em obras residenciais. / The construction sector in developed countries has been moving towards industrialization and sustainability of construction and structural materials and in this sense solid wood construction has gained prominence. New products such as CLT panels are used for construction of multi-storey building, and other products that use the same principle of cross lamination have been gaining ground, as is the case of the dowel cross laminated timber panel, called DCLT. In this study, we evaluated the structural behavior of DCLT panels with Pinus Elliottii and Pinus Taeda wood lamellae and pau-roxo dowels (Peltogyne spp., Leguminosae), where a specific test model was developed for connections in this type. Finite element simulations was made for the developed test model, bending tests on structural size panels and subsequent comparison with the analytical methods of calculating cross sided panels. The results obtained for the sttiffiness of the panels were 727 and 1353 kNm² for the 3 and 5 layer panels, respectively. The analytical values were very close to the experimental values, validating the new test procedure with which the value of the slip module used in the analytical calculations was obtained. In terms of strength, the 3-layer panel was more resistant, because with a smaller size, it resisted proportionally more load. In general, the panels could cover span of up to four meters supporting a load of 150 kg/m², proving to be a potential product for use in residential works.

A construção de estruturas de madeira usualmente requer ligações entre as peças que as compõem. Estas uniões devem ser compatíveis com as solicitações mecânicas avaliadas, garantindo durabilidade e segurança à estrutura. Atualmente, a normalização brasileira referente ao uso estrutural da madeira, NBR 7190/97- Projeto de estruturas de madeira, aborda os critérios de dimensionamento para as ligações por meio de pinos metálicos, ligações coladas, cavilhas ou conectores. O critério da NBR 7190/97 para o dimensionamento das ligações por pinos metálicos conduz ao aumento do número de elementos nas ligações, em relação ao observado na norma anterior. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o critério de dimensionamento da NBR 7190/97 por meio de análise de resultados experimentais. / The construction of timber structures usually requires connections between the parts that compose them. These connections must be compatible with the evaluated mechanical requests, guaranteeing durability and reliability to the structure. Nowadays, the referring Brazilian standardization to the structural use of the wood, NBR 7190/97 - \"Design of timber structures\", applies the design methods for the connections by means of steel dowels, glued joints, bolts or connectors. The NBR 7190/97 criterion for the design of connections for steel dowels leads to the increase of elements number in the connections in relation to the observed one in the previous norm. In this argument, the objective of this work are to evaluate the design method results of the NBR 7190/97 by means of experimental results analysis.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 127 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).

A construção de estruturas de madeira usualmente requer ligações entre as peças que as compõem. Estas uniões devem ser compatíveis com as solicitações mecânicas avaliadas, garantindo durabilidade e segurança à estrutura. Atualmente, a normalização brasileira referente ao uso estrutural da madeira, NBR 7190/97- Projeto de estruturas de madeira, aborda os critérios de dimensionamento para as ligações por meio de pinos metálicos, ligações coladas, cavilhas ou conectores. O critério da NBR 7190/97 para o dimensionamento das ligações por pinos metálicos conduz ao aumento do número de elementos nas ligações, em relação ao observado na norma anterior. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o critério de dimensionamento da NBR 7190/97 por meio de análise de resultados experimentais. / The construction of timber structures usually requires connections between the parts that compose them. These connections must be compatible with the evaluated mechanical requests, guaranteeing durability and reliability to the structure. Nowadays, the referring Brazilian standardization to the structural use of the wood, NBR 7190/97 - \"Design of timber structures\", applies the design methods for the connections by means of steel dowels, glued joints, bolts or connectors. The NBR 7190/97 criterion for the design of connections for steel dowels leads to the increase of elements number in the connections in relation to the observed one in the previous norm. In this argument, the objective of this work are to evaluate the design method results of the NBR 7190/97 by means of experimental results analysis.

Statement of Problem. Resin-based cements have become increasingly more popular for the cementation of prefabricated endodontic dowels due to their superior retention. The manufacturer of Panavia F 2.0 suggests that the product be stored under refrigerated conditions while not in use, however, there is no literature to support such a rationale. It is possible that these storage/use temperature cycling events may have a deleterious effect on the retention of prefabricated endodontic dowels. Purpose. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to investigate the retention of Panavia F 2.0 used to lute prefabricated endodontic dowels after the Panavia F 2.0 system has been kept under different storage conditions. Material and Methods. Sixty-four extracted human central incisors were selected to undergo root canal therapy and dowel retention testing. Four separate Panavia F 2.0 cement systems were placed under 4 different storage conditions for a period of 6 months, until retention testing was initiated. In the first group, the Panavia F 2.0 was stored under the manufacturer's suggested refrigerated conditions, at a constant temperature of 40°F. In the second group, the Panavia F 2.0 was stored under a constant 90°F temperature. In the third group, the Panavia F 2.0 was stored under room temperature conditions of 70°F. The fourth group attempted to mimic clinical usage conditions with the Panavia F 2.0 being cycled from refrigeration at 40°F for 22 hours/day to 2 hours/day of room temperature at 70°F 5 days per week for the duration of the 6-month storage condition period. Results. Stress values were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA. A Tukey's HSD multiple comparison analysis of the dowel retention strengths indicated that the group stored at 90°F resulted in the lowest retention. This group was significantly lower than all other groups' retention strength (p Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study, the storage of Panavia F 2.0 at either room temperature or cycling between refrigeration and room temperature yields similar dowel retention values. However, the storage of Panavia F 2.0 at temperatures of 90°F for prolonged periods causes poor dowel retention. Clinical Implications The results of this study do not support the necessity of storing Panavia F 2.0 under refrigerated conditions between clinical uses, if used within six months. However, the storage of the Panavia F 2.0 cementation system at temperatures of 90°F for prolonged periods will affect dowel retention and is therefore not advisable.

The concept of stay-in-place (SIP) structural formwork has the potential to simplify and accelerate the construction process to a great extent. Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) SIP structural formwork offers further potential benefits over existing formwork systems in terms of ease and speed of construction, improved site safety and reduced long-term maintenance in corrosive environments. However, it is not without its limitations, including primarily the possibility of a lack of ductility, which is a key concern regarding the use of FRP structural formwork in practice. This thesis presents the findings of an experimental and analytical investigation into a novel FRP SIP structural formwork system for a concrete slab with a particular emphasis on its ability to achieve a ductile behaviour. The proposed composite system consists of a moulded glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) grating adhesively bonded to square pultruded GFRP box sections. The grating is subsequently filled with concrete to form a concrete-FRP composite floor slab. Holes cut into the top flange of the box sections allow concrete studs to form at the grating/box-section interface. During casting, GFRP dowels are inserted into the holes to further mechanically connect the grating and box sections. An initial experimental investigation into using GFRP grating as confinement for concrete showed that a significant increase in ultimate strength and strain capacity could be achieved compared to unconfined concrete. This enhanced strain capacity in compression allows greater use of the FRP capacity in tension when used in a floor slab system. Further experimental investigation into developing ductility at the grating/box-section interface showed that the proposed shear connection exhibited elastic-‘plastic’ behaviour. This indicated the feasibility of achieving ductility through progressive and controlled longitudinal shear failure. Following these component tests on the concrete-filled grating and the shear connectors, a total of six (300 x 150 x 3000) mm slab specimens were designed and tested under five-point bending. It was found that the behaviour of all specimens was ductile in nature, demonstrating that the proposed progressive longitudinal shear failure was effective. A three-stage analytical model was developed to predict the load at which the onset of longitudinal shear failure occurred, the stiffness achieved during the post elastic behaviour and, finally, the deflection at which ultimate failure occurred. Close agreement was found between experimental results and the theory.

Recent studies showed the need for timber connections with high fire performance. Connections of members in timber structures commonly comprise steel connectors, such as dowels, screws, nails and toothed plates. However, multiple studies have shown that the presence of exposed metal in timber connections leads to a poor performance under fire conditions. Replacing metallic fasteners with non-metallic fasteners potentially enhances the fire performance of timber connections. Previous studies showed that Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) dowels can be a viable replacement for steel dowels and that Densified Veneer Wood functions well as a flitch plate material. However, as the resin matrix of GFRP dowels is viscoelastic, connection creep, which is not studied before, can be of concern. Also no research has been carried out on the fire performance of these connections. Therefore, a study of the creep behaviour and the fire performance of non-metallic timber connections comprising GFRP dowels and a Densified Veneer Wood flitch plate was performed, as is discussed in this thesis. Predictive models were proposed to determine the connection slip and load bearing capacity at ambient and elevated temperatures and in a fire. The material properties and heat transfer properties required for these models were determined experimentally and predictions of these models were experimentally validated. Furthermore, an adjustment of the predictive model of connection slip at ambient temperature allowed approximating the creep of the connection. The material properties, required for the creep model, were determined experimentally and predictions of the model were compared to results of longterm connection tests. The study confirmed that timber members jointed with non-metallic connectors have a significantly improved fire performance to timber joints using metallic connections. Models developed and proposed to predict fire performance gave accurate predictions of time to failure. It was concluded that non-metallic connections showed more creep per load per connector, than metallic connections. However, the ratio between initial deflection and creep (relative creep) and the ratio between load level and creep were shown to be similar for metallic and non-metallic connections.