I argue in this dissertation that the plays of Aeschylus are best understood as appeals to their predominantly male fifth-century Athenian audience centered around the presentation of dramatic character. I maintain that an examination of the Persians, Seven against Thebes, and Suppliants in these terms reveals that these plays are not primitive, static, or simplistic plays from early in Aeschylus’ career, but rather dramatically complex and mature works. More broadly, I assert that character studies are not hopelessly outdated nor at odds with audience-centered and cultural studies. By combining these approaches, we gain a fuller understanding of how playwrights composed the plays and how spectators responded to them. I also assert that divergent responses to dramas based on individual experiences are not only the rule for spectators of tragedy, but directly influence how playwrights approached their dramatic characters. The Introduction includes theoretical background for spectators’ relationship to dramatic characters culled from film theory and an application of its general principles to the Oresteia. In chapter 1, I examines how the Persians invites spectators to experience a range of potentially contradictory emotional states that include fear of the Persian invaders and sympathy with the inhabitants of the Persian Empire, with the men who fought against them in the war, and perhaps even with Xerxes himself. In Chapter 2, I show how, initially, the Seven against Thebes strongly implies, but does not establish beyond a doubt, that Eteocles is a paragon of Greek manhood and a noble defender of his city with whom Athenian spectators could identify. Questions about Eteocles emerge, however, when the play introduces Polyneices’ accusations of injustice against him, points to increasing similarities between the brothers, and shows how their fates have long since been sealed by their father’s curse and by the will of Apollo. In Chapters 3 and 4, I argue that the portrayal of the Danaids in the Suppliants is intentionally ambiguous. Spectators may have known that the Danaids would kill the Aegyptids, but the play offers vague and contradictory evidence regarding them and their situation to generate suspense in this early play of the trilogy. / text

Στόχος αυτής της εργασίας είναι να ερευνήσει τα γυναικεία δραματικά πρόσωπα της αρχαίας ελληνικής τραγωδίας όπως παρουσιάζονται μέσα από τους χορούς και από τη μορφή της Ηλέκτρας στις Χοηφόρους του Αισχύλου, την Ηλέκτρα του Σοφοκλή και την Ηλέκτρα του Ευριπίδη. Το ουσιαστικό ζήτημα εντοπίζεται κυρίως στα διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά που φέρουν τα γυναικεία δραματικά πρόσωπα σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα ανδρικά καθώς επίσης και τα διαφορετικά ποιοτικά στοιχεία που έχουν τα μέλη του χορού σε σχέση με τα μεμονωμένα δραματικά πρόσωπα. / The aim of this study is to carry out a detailed analysis of the female dramatic characters of the Ancient Greek Tragedy as they are presented through the choruses and the figure of Electra in Aeschylus’ Choephori, Sophocles’ Electra and Euripides’ Electra. The essential point is to detect thoroughly the different characteristics and their function in the play concerning male and female characters as also the members of the chorus and the heroes.

Ce mémoire traite des Comedias bárbaras (« Águila de blasón », « Romance de lobos » et « Cara de plata », 1907-1908-1922) de Ramón María del Valle-Inclán (Espagne, 1866-1936), et en fait une interprétation novatrice, différente de la réception dominante. Inspiré par les études sur le genre, ce travail revisite la trilogie en mettant l’emphase sur la perspective des personnages féminins qui contraste avec la figure prépondérante du mythe de Lilith (ou l’idée de la responsabilité légendaire du péché qui repose sur la femme, démoniaque). L’analyse des relations de genre présentes dans l’œuvre apparaît primordiale étant donné que le personnage de Don Juan Manuel Montenegro est aussi une version de la légende de don Juan. De plus, en recensant les différents discours sur celui-ci ainsi que les éléments grotesques des récits, on perçoit dans le traitement du personnage principal une critique qui va au-delà de la société de l’époque, et qui révèle une critique universelle des logiques mêmes qui régissent le système patriarcal, en passant par une réflexion sur la légitimité du pouvoir. Toutes ces considérations permettent d’apprécier l’ensemble de la trilogie dans les aspects qui la rapproche de l’esthétique postérieure de l’esperpento. Cette interprétation contemporaine entre en dialogue avec les aspects centraux des différents débats qu’auront suscités ces œuvres depuis leur parution (représentabilité, genre littéraire, unité ou non de la trilogie, classification) et revitalise sa réception dans le XXIe siècle, révélant la fascinante actualité du théâtre de l’auteur. / This study presents an innovative interpretation of the Comedias bárbaras (« Águila de blasón », « Romance de lobos » and « Cara de plata », 1907-1908-1922) by Ramón María del Valle-Inclán (Spain, 1866-1936) that differs from the dominant reception. Inspired by gender studies, this work revisits the trilogy by focussing on the feminine characters’ perspectives in contrast to the omnipresence of the myth of Lilith (or the legendary idea of sin being originated by a demon woman). Analyzing gender relations in the plot appears essential since the character of Don Juan Manuel Montenegro is also a version of the legendary Don Juan. Moreover, by giving a special attention to the distinct discourses about him and the grotesque elements, we perceive in the character’s treatment a criticism that goes beyond the historical context, revealing a much more universal dimension that points out the very logics of the patriarchal system and the legitimacy of power. All of these considerations allow us to better appreciate those aspects of the trilogy that brings it closer to the further aesthetic of the esperpento. This contemporary interpretation establishes a dialogue with some of the central debates around the work since its first publication (representability, literary genre, unity of the trilogy, classification) and revitalizes its reception in the XXI century, showing the fascinating contemporary relevance of the autor’s theater. / Este trabajo de memoria se presenta como una interpretación novedosa de las Comedias bárbaras de Ramón María del Valle-Inclán (1866-1936), trilogía compuesta por Águila de Blasón (1907), Romance de Lobos (1908), y Cara de Plata (1922), que difiere de la recepción dominante. Inspirado por los estudios de género, revisita la trilogía poniendo énfasis en las perspectivas de los personajes femeninos que contrastan con la figura preponderante de Lilith (o la idea de la legendaria responsabilidad del pecado asociado a la mujer demoniaca). El análisis de las relaciones de género presentes en la obra aparece fundamental siendo el personaje de Don Juan Manuel Montenegro también una versión de la leyenda de Don Juan. Además, sopesando los diferentes discursos acerca de él y la suma de elementos grotescos, percibimos un tratamiento del personaje principal que sugiere una crítica que va más allá de la sociedad de la época y revela una crítica más universal de las lógicas propias del patriarcado, pasando también por una reflexión sobre la legitimidad del poder. Todas estas consideraciones permiten apreciar el conjunto de la trilogía en aquellos aspectos que la acercan a la estética del esperpento. Esta interpretación contemporánea entra también en diálogo con los aspectos centrales de los diferentes debates que hubo en torno a la obra desde su primera publicación (representabilidad, género literario, unidad o no de la obra, clasificación) y revitaliza su recepción en el siglo XXI, revelando la fascinante actualidad del teatro del autor.