This study will attempt to verify the Hullian drive theory, E = f(HxD), as others have done before, but with one exception. The H, or habit strength, will be held to be neutral so that the E, or excitatory potentials, will be a function of drive alone. Without any habit to reinforce, any increase in excitatory potential can be related directly to increase in drive. Four hypotheses were investigated: The first hypothesis was that the HA, or high-anxiety groups, will also be the high-drive groups, and this will follow for the NA and LA groups, to be determined by the performance on the digit-span test. The second hypothesis was that the high-drive groups will perform better on the digit-span tests than the low-drive groups. The third hypothesis stressed that in accordance with Hullian theory, with increased stress being introduced with a single habit tendency, the low-drive groups will be outperformed by the high-drive groups. The fourth hypothesis presumed that verification of the first three hypotheses will show the "Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale" to be capable of differentiating between high and low manifest anxiety groups and will verify the Taylor-Spence hypothesis based on Hullian theory that the HA's will outperform the LA's in a stress situation.

Problem: Is the free cash flow a value relevant accounting measure in relation to the Swedish stock market? Objective: The aim is that by using an investment strategy to examine whether the free cash flow is an accounting measure that could be perceived as value relevant in relation to the Swedish stock market. Method: The paper is based on a quantitative survey of empirical evidence that has been collected from companies listed on the Large and Mid-Cap lists of the Swedish stock market. Theoretical Frame of reference: value relevance, cash flow, portfolio theory, drive theory Results: It was concluded that the study results conform to the Finnish survey results. The portfolio shows higher returns than the OMX index.

Theodor W. Adorno is both known and criticized for his philosophy of the subject. While his focus on subjectivity by many is deemed an outdated approach, Adorno himself claims that subjectivity must be challenged through the subject itself. What this implies, and how the role of the subject in its transformation can be envisioned, is what I aim to discuss in this paper. My study adresses the subject’s challenge from different angles. The first is an analysis of the subject in relation to its object-part, where I show how the subject can come close to its object, not only through bodily impulses but also, and importantly, through subjectivity itself by self-reflection on its mediation. The second is an investigation of how Adorno uses Freud’s drive theory, and how the drive for self-preservation can be dangerous or utopian depending on the subject’s interaction with it. The third is a comparison of the position of Adorno to those of Jürgen Habermas and Giorgio Agamben, each in their own way sharing Adorno’s diagnosis of subjectivities challenge, but choosing entirely different paths to address it. This comparison shows how Adorno, by insisting on the subject’s role in its own challenge, makes the subject aware of its actual location in the false world, without giving up the idea of its redemption. Habermas and Agamben each try to leave subjectivity behind in ways that for Adorno would not only be false but also dangerous. In doing so, they miss the point that we cannot be anything but subjects, and that the challenge therefore must be addressed from within. My aim with this paper is to show how Adorno’s philosophy of the subject can open critical theory for a bolder utopian thinking than what Habermas’ heritage has accomplished, while at the same time preserving the subject’s power to accomplish change which postmodernists like Agamben seem to have given up upon.