<p>This study presents a discursive journey with regard to the risk and protective factors confronting individuals who engage in methamphetamine use within the Manenberg area. Given that this journey requires a cautious and sensitive approach to the meaning making of the lived experiences of the six (6) individual users (the informant base) / the study adopted an analysis process that would allow for a guided &ldquo / tour&rdquo / of these experiences. In doing so, the study made use of the grounded theory method that allowed for this guided &ldquo / tour&rdquo / to be fully anchored in the collected data. External to this data, and once the data emerged as engageable themes, the study introduced, relevantly so, Bronfenbrenner&rsquo / s social-ecological model of human development, so to multiply and deepen the meanings embedded within the data. The merging of this external frame, provided by Bronfenbrenner&rsquo / s model, and the rich data provided by the six (6) informants, uncovered critical themes in understanding the risk and protective factors at play within Manenberg. These themes relate to the historical identity of Manenberg, given the history of Apartheid, the role of the local community and its perceived tolerance of the practice of drug use, which is further echoed in the identity of the family and its limited ability to support drug users in the face of ever-growing poverty. The themes also uncovered the bipolarity in the practice of drug trade and gangsterism as serving a subsistence function, at one level, and an exploitative function at another. Furthermore, the study solidified traditional views that the peer collective is, indeed, a critical actor on the stage of drug use and that the individual (as an actor) continues to be confronted by a script of poverty and disillusionment. This script, as will be illustrated, is also active in preconceived notions of gender stratification.</p>

Anti-drug campaigns on campus are the foundation for preventing drug use among teenagers. The Ministry of Education (MOE), Republic of China, has enforced the drug abuse prevention policy in the Chun-Huei Project since 1991, spanning 20 years until the present. However, statistics from the Campus Security Report Center (CSRC), MOE, show that senior high and vocational school students make up the majority of those teenagers involved in drug abuse and their numbers increase year by year, indicating a deteriorating tendency in regard to this phenomenon. Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the current anti-drug campaigns in senior high and vocational schools. This study aimed to explore the relevance of anti-drug promotion methods in relation to anti-drug resolutions among the senior high and vocational schools, based on the experiences regarding the enforcement of the drug abuse prevention policy in Chun-Huei Project by the MOE as practiced in Tainan city. Purposive sampling was adopted with 580 students in Tainan city as participants. Questionnaires were administrated to them to obtain data on ¡§promotion methods in the campaigns¡¨ and ¡§anti-drug resolutions.¡¨ The elicited data was then analyzed through descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The main results showed that: 1. school type was related to the ¡§perceived static promotions¡¨; 2. gender differences in overall anti-drug resolutions among the students were observed showing that female students exhibited greater anti-drun resolutions than did male students; 3. living environment was associated with ¡§tips to refuse drugs¡¨ in anti-drug resolutions; and 4.Students¡¦ perceived ¡§anti-drug promotion methods¡¨ correlated positively with their anti-drug resolutions. Findings of this research were discussed and implications for anti-drug practices were provided. Suggestions are also proposed to the authorities concerning policy implementation: 1. The enforcement of Chun- Huei Project shall be continued to improve the effect of drug abuse prevention; 2. Executions to prevent students from drug abuse shall be improved; 3. Consensus on drug abuse prevention can be fortified by integrating community resources; 4. Appropriate promotional activities should be held for males and females contingently; 5. Off-campus counseling goals can be better fulfilled via frequent visits to students¡¦ residences; and 6. Anti-drug teaching materials should be designed to strengthen the students¡¦ anti-drug resolutions.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-136). Also available on the Internet.

Project (M.P.P.) - Simon Fraser University, 2006. / Theses (Master of Public Policy Program) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Supervisor: Supervisor: Diana M. DiNitto. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

Thesis (Ph.D.) in Nursing--University of Maine, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-152).

Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Joseph San Miguel, Don E. Summers. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51). Also available online.

This thesis analyses the construction of the risk environment with the emergence of a harm reduction policy in Macao, which, I propose acts as a regulatory regime to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs). On the one hand, the policy has endeavoured to address the various levels of the risk environment on the IDUs; on the other hand, it is also portrayed as a bio-political project situated in the history of drug control and public health surveillance in Macao. With harm reduction imperatives such as the methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and needle and syringe programme (NSP), addict citizens are refashioned and made up to be a particular form of drug using subject – health conscious citizens who rationally and calculatingly perform in the use of drugs in a controlled manner in order to minimise drug-related harm to themselves as well as the general society. With the conferral of neoliberal subjectivity, they are offered political benefits in symbolic and material resources, such as recognition, trust and legitimate status, to obtain welfare. However, the tradeoffs are their freedom and mobility in being constrained by the methadone treatment, which is metaphorically represented as “liquid handcuffs”. The study utilises ethnographic research methods, such as video-recording, photo-taking, field observations and in-depth interviews, as its data sources. The data analysis is informed by a thematic approach, especially discourse and content analyses. Inspired by risk governmentality, IDUs are not passively subjugated to the surveillance of the treatment regime. Contrarily, they actively display modest amounts of agency, which they assert themselves by developing various streetwise risk strategies to handle overdosing. A code of ethics with regards to moral economy and responsibility are cultivated in the drug user community under the impacts of harm reduction (expert) discourses. In the face of entrenched double stigma around drug addiction and HIV/AIDS which shape their risk environment and spoiled identity as junkies, the drug users in this study endeavour to innovate strategies of resistance with the use of harm reduction measures to properly manage their spoiled identity and reclaim their citizenship. This gives them more freedom, autonomy and pleasure in their life experiences through the negotiation process that is embedded in the risk environment. The theoretical implications of this study include: the integration of risk governmentality with risk environment, and an assessment of harm reduction imperatives, including their effect as a newer form of governance on IDUs, which might conceal the material constraints that they face. In short, harm reduction requires a critical focus on the benevolence of biopolitical projects, such as the MMT and NSP, which, while not intentional, might legitimise the repressive measures directed at drug users – who ultimately are not willing to trade their freedom to take part in ―healthy self-care‖ projects under a neoliberal drug policy. / published_or_final_version / Sociology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (MTech. in Policing) / The sugars drug has affected Indian communities in KwaZulu Natal, and has resulted in the collapse and disintegration of socio economic conditions. There has also been a rise in crime. This research outlines the findings of questionnaires given to residents of communities, drug users and drug rehabilitees. It aims to provide recommendations to curb the sugars problem, and see a decrease in crime with regards to sugars.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences