The aim of this dissertation "Arachonofauna cavities of the head willows" was to find a cavity fauna that inhabits willow trees and point out the pollarding of willow trees as a suitable management for the formation of cavities. The chosen location for this research was Vojkovice near Židlochovice, where during the years 2018 – 2019 were examined 21 willow trees with the help of newspaper traps. Traps were always exchanged at monthly intervals. A total of 72 spiders were found, of which only 10 were adults. The most important finding of this work is the discovery of Midia midas (Simon, 1884), which represents a typical inhabitant of hollow fauna and is a highly endangered species. This finding indicates that willow cavities are also a refuge for rare species. Juvenile individuals were most represented in the Gnaphosidae family of 20 pieces. Most of the spiders found were synanthropic species, so they are close to humans.

The Větrníky national nature reserve, located in the South Moravian region north of the village of Letonice, is one of the largest steppe reserves in Southern Moravia. This whole area is characterized by the presence of both stable and active landslides, and the occurrence of suffosion sinkholes has been monitored there in the long-term. The aim of the thesis was to investigate whether it was possible to observe subsurface phenomena, caused by the washing out of fine rock particles by ground water, by means of geophysical methods. This phenomenon is known as suffosion. The measurements took place in the areas where the suffosion manifestation was very distinctive, that is around two sinkholes that were visible on the surface. In order to identify the suffosion structural-geological causes and their manifestations at a given location, the gravimetric and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods were used in the first stage of the research. Measured data was further processed and geologically interpreted. The gravimetric method has proved suitable when identifying rocks affected by suffosion, in which case we assume that their density is lower than the density of the surrounding rocks. Using the ERT method, it was possible, in the vertical profile, to distinguish the sandy-gravelly sediments...

A studies carries for the last twenty years accumulated data that show two different etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumors located in the oral cavity are often independent of the viral infection and is associated with tobacco and alcohol use. Approximately 26 % of all HNC and more than 50 % of tonsillar cancers are associated with the presence of high risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV). The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in HPV DNA prevalence in oral rinses and/ or HPV - specific antibody levels in sera of patients with head and neck carcinoma (HNC) have prognostic significance. Patients with HNC were enrolled (N=142). The presence of HPV DNA was assayed in tumor tissue and oral rinses, and HPV-specific antibodies were assessed in sera. Sera were drawn one month and one year after the end of treatment. One year after treatment, oral rinses were collected. Altogether, 59.2 % tumors were HPV positive. Initially, the presence of HPV DNA in the tumors strongly correlated with HPV DNA positivity in oral rinses as well as with the presence of HPV- specific antibodies in sera. Out of 66 patients with HPV positive oral rinses at enrollment, 84.8 % became negative at one-year follow up. The mean titres of HPV 16 E6 and E7 antibodies at follow- up were lower in...

Preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) is responsible for approximately 40% of all preterm deliveries. PTL is frequently complicated by intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), characterized by the elevation of inflammatory mediators in the amniotic fluid. Based on the presence or absence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), two different clinical phenotypes of IAI are distinguished: i) intra-amniotic infection, when microorganisms are present in the amniotic fluid, and ii) sterile IAI, when there are no microorganisms in the amniotic fluid. The clinical severity of both phenotypes of IAI is underlined by their association with adverse neonatal outcomes. In addition to the presence or absence of MIAC, there are also differences between the phenotypes of IAI in terms of their intra-amniotic inflammatory status characteristics. The clinical part of this thesis has addressed these differences in women with PTL. The first specific aim of this clinical study was to determine the concentration of interleukin (IL)-6 in the cervical fluid of women with PTL complicated by intra-amniotic infection and sterile IAI. The second specific aim was to determine the concentration of IgGFc-binding protein (FcgammaBP) in the amniotic and cervical fluids of women with PTL complicated by intra-amniotic...

This master's work was focused on the assessment of sexual dimorphism of external and internal morphology of frontal bone. Sexual diagnosis based on external surface of frontal bones and volume and surface of frontal sinuses was carried out using geometric morphometrics methods. Our approach used anonimized CT scans of 103 skulls from recent Czech population, from which 3D models of frontal bones and frontal sinuses were created. At first the analysis was aimed at studying form and shape of external surface of frontal bone. Our methodology is based on the work of Musilová et al. (2016) that estimates sex using exocranial surface of the entire skull. We analyzed variability and tested differences in males and females frontal bones. The main target of this work was sex classification. The highest success rate acquired 86,41 % with the first 20 main components of form. The following part of this study was focused on sex estimation using the methodology developed by Bulut et al. (2016), which was applied in Turkish population. This method classified Czech males and females with accuracy 70,87 %. In order to complete sex determination based on the frontal bone we also used classification of the radius of the frontal bone curvature with success rate of 77,66 %. The attention was also paid to studying...

The influence of biological relationships on the morphology of the human skeleton is a current theme in bioarchaeology and forensic research. Whether it is the discovery of kinship relationships in an anonymous cemetery or the question of individual identification based on familial similarity, research is limited by a number of factors. Above all, there is the shortage of osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation. Most such samples also include only a small number of individuals, and thus the number of different degrees of their relatedness is limited. Related to this is the lack or absence of methods suitable for either the exact expression of the degree of morphological similarity between individuals or the statistical evaluation of results. However, for this dissertation an opportunity arose to analyze several osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation from the 17th to 20th centuries, comprising almost one hundred individuals. This represents one of the largest such units in the world to date. The individual samples also include several cases of consanguineous marriages with subsequent generations. The aim of the first part of the dissertation is to propose new methodological approaches to expressing the degree of similarity of individuals based on different types of...