Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 299-303).

Thesis (PhD.) -- Bond University (Australia), 2004. / "A thesis submitted to Bond University in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy"-- t.p.

Thesis (M.A.I.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 193 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-193).

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006. / Thesis Advisor(s): Letitia Lawson, Jessica Piombo. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-358). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Since the end of the 1994 Genocide, Rwanda has been carrying out an experiment of reconciliation; an enduring process both enabled and complicated by the arrival and increase of local and international tourism to the national genocide memorials. Focusing on a less Western-centric approach towards memory, peace, heritage and (dark) tourism theory this study seeks to establish how the production and consumption of Rwanda’s memorialscape is negotiated and contested. The aim of the research is to reveal wider impacts of such visits by exploring tourists’ motivations, their site encounters and personal contemplations. In addition, memorial location, design and structure will be critically examined. The study embraces a qualitative research approach with complementing methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews and the distribution of diversity surveys, as well as a diarist account. Fieldwork was carried out over a period of nine months and incorporates elements of ethnographic methodology conducted during Rwanda's 20th annual commemoration period. The latter puts focus on local remembrance culture presented by Rwandans living in the country today, as those directly affected by present-day memorialisation practices. In essence, the thesis demonstrates that the development of national and international tourism at difficult heritage sites can potentially serve as a positive contributor to the symbolic reparations needed by societies recovering from conflict. However, in order for these spaces to fulfil wider educational purposes, graphic sites in particular need to enhance visitor experiences by reassessing site features in terms of contextual change, self-reflexivity, awareness raising and civic engagement.

Democratic Socialism is said to be the theory of establishing socialism by democratic means, i.e. through gradual changes brought about by the operation of democratic governmental agencies, and hence it has been put in contrast with Communism, i.e. socialism through revolution and dictatorship. Yet, while Communism has been gaining grounds in some important parts of the world today, democratic socialism has lost not only popular support, but also its own self-confidence. It has come, so to speak, to an over-all impasse. The purpose of this thesis is to grasp the nature of this impasse and then to help contribute to its solution through relevant measures. The thesis therefore consists of three parts. Part I deals with the nature of present socialist troubles. It is argued that the root of its troubles lies in that 1) democratic socialists have underrated the importance of political ideology, and 2) the ideology of democratic socialism itself has shortcomings. Part II deals with the ideology of British Socialism in order to have a good understanding of the democratic socialist ideology. The two Fabian Essays are treated here to reveal various shortcomings of British Socialism. It may be said that this part of the thesis consists, in general, of a brief criticism of Fabianism. In Part III we try to come to the core of the ideological defects of democratic socialism. Gradualism, when applied to the Asiatic situation, can be no match against Communism and democratic socialism is impelled to find a way toward new characteristics of its own. It is argued in this Part that the traditional socialist assumptions are no longer adequate to meet the present political situation of the world. In conclusion it is suggested that the problem of freedom, rather than of equality, should be the central issue for democratic socialism. In general the thesis treats democratic socialism in close connection with Communism and this is due to our conviction that Communism seems to be the real enemy of the democratic socialist movement. / Arts, Faculty of / Philosophy, Department of / Graduate

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Zululand, 2011. / The study acknowledges that there have been attempts by scholars of African politics to explain the problems impeding the smooth running and consolidation of democracy in Africa. The acknowledgement of these previous efforts notwithstanding, the thesis sets out to show the value of a philosophical reaction to the positions of scholars on the issue, as a shift towards a better approach to it. It makes an examination, which exposes the inadequacy of the previous approach to the explanation of the problems militating against the democratic project in Africa. The thesis is not therapeutic. It is primarily diagnostic. Therefore, it did not set out to prescribe some procedural steps to change the ailing political system in Africa. Rather, it has identified the shortcomings of previous approaches to the problem of democracy in Africa, which, has portrayed Africans as mere effects of causes, and incapable of taking control of their own life situations. In the analysis, the scholars had argued that the unstable state of democracy in Africa has been caused by some internal and external factors. That is, by implication, Africa has been caused to be what it is. This study rejects the causal model of explanation taken uncritically from the Newtonian physics by the scholars of African politics in their explanations of the political challenges of Africa. This study argues that by applying the causal explanation, the scholars have implied that Africa is not more than a mere effect of causes, and therefore, incapable of a self-motivated and a free action. They have also implied that their own analyses were either caused or false Consequently, the study proposes that any reliable explanation of the problems militating against the democratic project in Africa must be non-causal in structure. That is, an explanation in which my explanations, as an African, are my own wilful actions. By so doing, the study has initiated a new consciousness of who I am as an African. It initiated the consciousness of the fact that such factors as colonialism and corrupt leadership in Africa may have had serious influences on the trajectory of my own history as an Africa, but they do not determine my situation in the deterministic cause and effect relation in the manner in which the scholars intended. / Education Trust Fund (Nigeria Government)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Aug., 2007. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.