This paper examines the establishment of papermaking in Central Asia in the 7th to 8th century CE. Additionally, it examines the historical and contemporary status of papermaking in Uzbekistan based on primary sources gathered during a research trip, and historical sources. Both textual research and experimental papermaking research were conducted for this paper. Designed as a foundation for further study, this paper includes early textual sources mentioning papermaking, information gathered from interviews, personal observations, and maps highlighting areas of importance. The first part surveys the development of the discussion surrounding the establishment of the craft in the region. By combining early and contemporary research and highlighting and discussing new sources, possible scenarios of the establishment of papermaking in Central Asia are further investigated. Pursuing this line of inquiry, the paper provides a full overview of the history and development of the different papermaking regions of Uzbekistan, following a detailed description of the tradition in the city of Kokand based on first-hand accounts from the early 20th century. The second part of this paper includes a description of the author’s process of recreating historical tools, techniques and paper based on data and information gathered during the research trip as well as information drawn from historical sources. In addition, the author explores different theories such as the debate about which raw materials were used, and hypotheses regarding the development of the paper mould.

Abstract Production of pulp and paper from raw wood involves the washing of substantial quantities of highly coloured material from the wood pulp. Although most of this colour is trapped within the mill and the mills wastewater treatment system, discharge of coloured wastewater remains a problem of public concern. Lake Rotorua, New Zealand is filled with sediment consisting almost exclusively of diatoms. The most abundant species, Aulacoseira, has been shown to have very small pores, less than 200 nm, that could be very useful for the capture and holding of large organic molecules. Lake Rotorua is situated close to the two largest pulp and paper mills in New Zealand and may have to be dredged to solve a problem of eutrophication. Wastewaters generated at the Kinleith (Tokoroa) and Tasman (Kawerau) mills in the North island of New Zealand have been used to assess the characteristics of colour removal by Lake Rotorua diatoms. Vacuum filtration through the diatoms succeeded in removing colour but proved to be impractically slow as an industrial process. Addition of diatoms to wastewater streams in stirred experiments showed that significant adsorption took place. The majority of the colour was removed within 30 seconds of mixing. The efficiency of colour removal was found to vary between wastewater streams within the mills. The pH dependency of this removal was tested and found to be most effective in a pH range of 3.6 to 5. Attempts to reuse the diatoms showed that chemical backwash regimes were more effective than calcination. This study concluded that surface silanols were likely to be the principle agent in forming coagulants with the colour material and were subsequently trapped on the diatom surfaces, but more importantly within the pores.

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Thesis (M.S. in Econ.)--School of Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Haizheng Li. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-49).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1969. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1940. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Science and Technology, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-177).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1961. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-149).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1959. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-69).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1942. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).