Fairtrade is one way to reach sustainable development in emerging countries, for example South America and Africa. Lately, Fairtrade has become highlighted and popular. This has led to studies on consumers’ view on Fairtrade, for instance in Belgium and America. Among the previous studies, the ethical consumer has been identified. At the moment, there is no research done in Sweden on who the Swedish Ethical Consumer is, regarding purchases of Fairtrade coffee. Therefore, with this thesis we want to fill the research gap on identifying the Swedish Ethical Consumer and which factors that influence him or her in the purchase decision. The study was performed on Swedish coffee consumers on Facebook. Different factors such as consumer related, environmental related, and product related, are measured to see if there is any relationship between these factors and how they influence the Swedish Ethical Consumer. With help from a snowball sampling technique and a self-administrated survey, 111 answers were collected. From that, we could identify the Swedish Ethical Consumer, given this sample. The result showed that product and demographics seemed to be the most affecting factors on ethical consumer behaviour. For this sample, brand (taste) of the product was by far the most popular product related factor to consider when buying coffee. From the environmental factors, the demographics were of greatest matter. Attitudes and knowledge were the most important consumer related factors. It seems like a majority of the respondents who think that Fairtrade is important (attitudes) also do buy Fairtrade coffee. Also, the respondents who possess much information (knowledge) about it tend to buy it. This study contributes to fill the gap in the lack of studies of Swedish Ethical Consumer behaviour. The conclusions can be used as a guideline and tool for companies to brand a new product. It could also be helpful for organisations to provide more information about Fairtrade to the consumers.

This study develops a dynamic pricing model with a quality substitutable product, taking into account strategic and myopic consumers. In each of the two periods, the firm can choose between offering a high quality product, a low quality product or both and the corresponding price for the product. Strategic consumers compare current utility with future utility in order to decide the time of purchase and the quality of the product in an attempt to maximize their utilities. Myopic consumers consider only current utility in purchasing of the products. We generate scenarios, prove whether a scenario is feasible and which scenario produces the best profit for the firm. Our result suggests that the firm obtains the best profit when it provides only high quality products in each of the two periods. In other words, the firm does not have to offer quality substitution as intertemporal substitution suffices to maximize the expected profit.

The smartphone market compete closely in Taiwan. there are many companies not only develop the function of product actively, they pay attention to value added of brand and wish it can raise their profit. Because brand association is the core value of brand. So this object of study is smartphone and we want to know the relationship between brand association and purchase intention in whole smartphone market by consumer view point. Furthermore we analysis what different with dissimilar brands and the effect of consumer characteristics This study adopted the research of questionnaire as study method. The target is the resident in Taiwan and uses convenience sampling method. We try to understand what kind of relationship of brand association¡Bconsumer characteristics and consumer purchase intention in consumer¡¦s mind. There are 224 usable responses and we used SPSS soft ware to access the methods of statistic analysis and testifies hypothesis of this research. It has the following conclusions 1. This research find brand association are significantly correlated with consumers purchase intention in smartphone market 2. There are the remarkable differences with brand association and purchase intention in dissimilar brands 3. It shows that consumer characteristics have the remarkable difference with some research variables. This research not only testifies hypothesis but also collects the management means to be the reference. Wish these references could be helpful for academic and business practice. It has the following management means 1. Deepen importance of brand association and the effects of brand association to consumer purchase intention is also suitable to smartphone market 2. In order to creative and maintain competition advantage¡Athe companies must inspect what different between their own brand association and opponent¡¦s own constantly.

Abstract Egyptian Queen Cleopatra was famous of her make-up skills, and using cosmetics have become a fashionable trend among women throughout the world since then. When Greek invaded Egypt, they brought the technology of cosmetics back to Greece, and cosmetics were widely spread in Europe from Rome. The technology of makeup skills began to prevail in French at the year of 1700s, while Americans started to know it during the colonization period. Nowadays, the cosmetics industry takes a great part in American consuming market that makes billion of U.S dollars each year. Make-up skills result from the instinct of humanity of beauty pursuing and it turn to be an art in peoples¡¦ life, thus, cosmetics is a potential industry on the modern earth. Prevailing comes from the industry of consuming trend, and it could possibly change the consumers¡¦ behavior. Hence, the researches observe consumers¡¦ behavior form consumption information, customer demand, appraisal, preference, action, contentment, etc. Analyzing the psychological anticipation of the consumers, consumers¡¦ behavior could be divided into three stages: the past, present and oncoming consuming behavior information. The value of marketing analysis lies on the past experience learning, and the future tendency predicting. If you can take control over the prospective consuming trend and plan a correct marketing strategy, you will be in success in the trade of management. Above all, the future of cosmetics consuming group will propose four sorts of hypothesis: 1.To analyze consumers¡¦ behavior and psychology. 2. A consumer behavior. 3. A marketing characteristic. 4. The variable of demographic statistics that will design on the research structure from the female student of college on consuming behavior in Taiwan. This researches application of respectively a school theory that include consume decision-make model, consumer psychology, consumer behavior method, ¡uMaslow¡v theory the hierarchy of needs, demography, to explain the structure relationship of four sorts of hypothesis and develop the questionnaire to draft the result of study. It majors in trend of future on consuming to compare female student of college of survey report with Path Analysis Models of Statistics. The study will be designed to anticipate at cosmetics consume trend to two dimensions of biochemical products and the digit science and technology (business of Internet).

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Abstract The main idea of group buying is to recruit larger number of orders in order to cut down price. In order words, the larger the number of orders is, the more consumers will join due to the resulted lower price. This positive feedback is as the phenomenon of demand externalities found by Kauffman and Wand (2001, 2002). However, from the other viewpoint, there is a phenomenon of death spiral at the beginning of group buying. It indicates that, due to the few orders in the beginning of group buying, consumers are inclined to wait until the price is acceptable. Unfortunately, it results in that consumers will wait for each other¡¦s joining and therefore, the orders will not increase quickly. In order to solve the problem of death spiral, Lai and Zhuang (2004) proposed three incentive mechanisms, sequential-based, time-based and quantity-based models, on purpose of encouraging consumer to participate in group-buying. The experimental result demonstrated the expected performance of the three incentive mechanisms in terms of removing the phenomenon of death spiral. However, we find these incentive mechanisms didn¡¦t stimulate the phenomenon of demand externalities. Based on previous literature and practical experience, price differentiation usually causes customers¡¦ negative emotion and unfairness cognition. The incentive mechanisms designed for solving the problem of death spiral make consumers pay different price. We wonder if it causes unfairness cognition and therefore could not result in the phenomenon of demand externality. The purpose of this research is to understand whether the incentive mechanisms cause consumers unfairness cognition via experiment. The result shows consumers having opportunity to have extra discounts have higher cognition of price fairness than the consumers without chance to have extra discounts. Further, compared with other incentive mechanisms, sequential-based incentive mechanism makes consumers perceive lower cognition of procedural fairness. Finally, we also found that consumers¡¦ fairness cognition has positive effect on their price satisfaction and purchase intention as well. Keywords: Group buying, Fairness cognition, Consumer behavior, Consumer satisfaction

By using the E.B.M model, this research sets the traditional tea consumer behavior for dependent variable, demographics and life style variables for independent variable to form the research structure. We ran a statistic analysis for the data that is proceeding purposive sampling to the traditional tea drinkers and examed it. The research mainly discusses the concern with the life style and tea consumer behavior in Kaohsiung area. The results show that the life style factors of Kaohsiung tea drinkers consist of ¡§strict budgeting¡¨¡B¡§traditional home¡¨¡B¡§fashion & extrovert¡¨¡B¡§health & leisure¡¨. By the result of factor analysis, we devided the Kaohsiung tea drinkers to four groups: ¡§canny & balance ¡¨¡B¡§conservative & traditional¡¨¡B¡§sensitive ¡¨¡B¡§casual ¡¨. Each cluster has a significant difference between marriage status¡Bsex¡Bage¡Baveragely monthly income¡Beducation and occupation. According to those five parts of consumer behavior, the business can adjust its marketing strategies by aiming at what the consumers are most interested in. For example, the business can supply different tastes of tea for different groups and satisfy a large number of consumers to increase the sales volume. The promotion of ¡§ tea art¡¨ attracts consumers and creates higher consumer demand. Business can take advantage of mass media to reinforce marketing channel and make the business go up. According to the analysis result, there are some suggestions for different groups. Consumers who are married, over 30 years old, income of 10 to 50 thousand dollars, education under collage, most of them belong to a group which has more sensitive and higher willing for bargaining and the firm should always focus on the pricing strategy. Consumers who are unmarried, under 30 years old, income under 10 thousand dollars, education of collage and above, belong to the group which named casual. Consumers of this group care about to have good interpersonal relationship and healthy lives more than other groups. Consumers who are 21 to 30 years old, income over 80 thousand dollars, education of collage, occupation of self-employment, sex of male, belong to the group which named ¡§canny & balance ¡¨. Consumers of this group care about all the items equally. Consumers who are unmarried, 21 to 30 years old, income of 30 to 50 thousand dollars or under 10 thousand dollars, education of collage, sex of female, belong to the group which named ¡§conservative & traditional¡¨. Consumers of this group are used to go to the same store for purchasing and they have higher brand loyalty than other groups. To sum up, the business should make different marketing strategies for different clusters.

ABSTRACT Under the dramatic competition of all kinds of hospital and the raising of consumer awareness, it is becoming important issues for a hospital manager to improve the service quality of health care, further to enhance patient¡¦s satisfaction & loyalty. Many articles & papers discuss the outpatient service quality and patient¡¦s satisfaction with many single items of service process. In fact, the outpatient service is composed of a series of service process. So, I evaluate and predict the patient¡¦s satisfaction & loyalty under the term of outpatient service process. This study took the example of the outpatient of a provincial community hospital. We use the convenient sample method, and totally got the 222 efficient questionnaires. We do verity the seven outpatient service process with factor analysis. This study has several following remarkable results. The demographic factors have no statistical difference with outpatient service process quality, total satisfaction and consumer loyalty. There is positive correlation between quality of outpatient service process and customer satisfaction. The quality of outpatient service process has a positive impact on consumer loyalty. And the consumer satisfaction exerts a positive influence on the consumer loyalty. With the application of multiple regression analysis, the outpatient service process can efficiently predict consumer satisfaction & loyalty.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 257-273). Also available on the Internet.

Recently the question of eco-labelling has become increasingly important, especially when used as a green marketing tool. Surprisingly, the marketing placebo effect of eco-labelling and the influence it has on the performance of a product has received little attention. The purpose of this study is to explain the placebo effect of eco-labelling on consumer attitudes. Fishbein’s model of attitudes is implemented whereby a focus group is used as a basis to create a questionnaire and a tasting experiment. The findings of the study provide an explanation and evidence of the placebo effect of eco-labelling. The product with an environmental label is perceived as tastier, healthier and of higher quality than the same product without ecological label.