<p> According to Gartner Inc., $3.7 trillion dollars was spent in the United States alone in 2013 on IT services. The continued anticipated growth of United States IT spending will reach as high as $3.9 trillion in 2014, representing an average increase in spending of 4.1% between 2013 and 2014. A significant percentage of those investments were lost to waste and failed projects. The combination of rising costs and losses has driven a considerable amount of research on the impact of successful project management on the value that IT creates within an organization. The results of a recent study confirmed a significant relationship between the success of an IT project and the quality of the IT department&rsquo;s technical efficiencies and processes. Recent studies have also demonstrated a link between enterprise architectural planning and an organizations ability to manage IT investments. This study on IT managers&rsquo; perceptions of the business value of IT and the effectiveness of enterprise architectural planning as moderated by age, gender, and education, used a non-experimental quantitative design and a random sample provided by the SurveyMonkey contribute panel to obtain 109 survey responses. The use of a random sample and the size of the study were intended to allow for the generalizability of the results within the geographic region of the United States. A bootstrapped hierarchical linear regression statistical methodology was employed using SPSS as the data were not normally distributed. Ethical considerations were mediated according to the requirements outlined in the Belmont Report (2014). This study found a statistically significant relationship between IT managers&rsquo; perceptions of the business value of IT and the effectiveness of enterprise architectural planning as moderated by age, gender, and education. The results of the study support existing research on the topic of the perceived business value of IT and enterprise architectural planning.</p>

Information technology plays a supportive role in knowledge management. It captures and stores knowledge into knowledge repositories. At the same time, it also improves access to knowledge stored in knowledge repositories. The codification strategy in knowledge management (Hansen, et al., 1999) and the capturing functionality of information technology have made more and more knowledge repositories available. However, the utility of a knowledge repository may largely depend on how information is presented and requested through its interfaces. The interface requirement of a knowledge repository varies with the content of knowledge and the media type in which the repository stores the knowledge. The dissertation provides an example of selecting appropriate information visualization and analysis technology to facilitate effective knowledge retrieval from different types of knowledge repository. It identifies four types of knowledge repository, each of which has unique requirements for its interfaces. The dissertation applies various visualization technologies to fulfill such requirements. The interfaces developed facilitate the knowledge retrieval by helping in the specification of information needs or by supporting users' information browsing behavior. In addition, the dissertation also presents four empirical studies evaluating the systems developed. Since the lack of evaluation studies in the field of information visualization has become an issue, such empirical studies also provide examples of approaches to evaluating different aspects of an interface.

In the 21st century, e-Learning has been widely used in both academic education and corporate training. However, many e-Learning systems present multimedia instructional material in a static, passive, and unstructured manner, giving learners little control over learning content and process. As a result, higher effectiveness and greater societal potential of e-Learning are hindered. This thesis makes two primary contributions to this trend. From a theoretical perspective, we propose a new concept called "Virtual Mentor (VM)" and a research framework called Media StructuRalization Theory (MSRT). The VM refers to a multimedia-based e-Learning environment that emphasizes interaction, flexibility, and self-direction. The MSRT aims at providing guidance toward effective design and implementation of virtual mentor systems. From a technical perspective, we have developed a prototype VM system called Learning by Asking (LBA), which integrates various information technologies. The major technical innovation is adoption of a novel natural language approach to content-based video indexing and retrieval. We conducted empirical studies to validate a few propositions of the MSRT. The results demonstrated that structuring of multimedia content and the use of instructional videos improved learning outcome significantly. The learning performance of students in an eLearning environment with content structuring and synchronized multimedia instruction is comparable to that of students in traditional classrooms. Our research was enabled by the LBA system, which provides a learner-centered, self-paced, and interactive online learning environment. In order to enhance personalized and just-in-time learning, the LBA system allows learners to ask questions in conversational English and watch appropriate multimedia instructions retrieved by LBA that address learners' interests. Traditional video indexing and retrieval approaches are based on scene changes or other image cues in videos that are not normally available in video lectures. We propose a novel two-phase natural language approach to identifying relevant video clips for content-based video indexing and retrieval. It integrates natural language processing, named entity extraction, frame-based indexing, and information retrieval techniques. The preliminary evaluation reveals that this approach is better than the traditional keyword-based approach in terms of precision and recall.

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The point of departure of this presentation is the challenges facing Information Science and the information profession. It provides a strategy for how to understand and address information problems and a vision about the role of information professionals in the Knowledge Society. The basic assumption is that any question put to a library or information service can be viewed from different perspectives and that the ability to identify, evaluate and negotiate different perspectives is the way advanced information services differentiate themselves from more primitive kinds of information services. Although it is technological advanced that IR-systems can retrieve documents based on, for example, combinations of words, are such systems primitive in relation to what is needed when information is searched. Knowledge itself is organized socially according to the social division of labour in society (e.g. in disciplines and trades). It is also organized intellectually into theories. Although facts exist, it is the best strategy for information science to assume the principle of fallibilism and to consider all knowledge as provisory and principally open to revision and modification. â Informationâ should thus be understood as â knowledge claimsâ produced on the basis of certain preunderstandings and interests. Information services should therefore not just communicate fragmented claims, but should contribute to the mapping of the structures in which knowledge is organized and also provide contextual information needed for evaluating specific knowledge claims. Different perspectives on a given issue tend to develop their own languages, genres, documents, citation patterns, symbolic systems and cultural products. By considering such connections may a lot of indicators be used to identify different perspectives on a given topic. The basic tasks for libraries and information science is to help users conceptualize and search for knowledge claims based on the understanding that any given claim is always produced from a specific perspective, which are often connected with specific social interests and with specific epistemological assumptions.

The ERIC database is the world's largest source of education information. The database contains more than 1 million abstracts of education-related documents and journal articles. If you are new to ERIC (or havenâ t used it for a while), this slide presentation is for you. This slide show can be used for Individual or training purposes.

The role of government information in good governance is explained and the factors hindering effective management of this information in Kenya are discussed. These factors relate to lack of a National Information Policy, poor information communication technology infrastructure, unqualified manpower, information illiteracy, poor remuneration, and lack of commitment from the information professionals. It concludes with how the hindering factors may be handled to ensure timely flow of government information. Keywords: Information, Management, Governance, Kenya

GPO Access is a service of the U.S. Government Printing Office that provides free electronic access to a wealth of important information products produced by the Federal Government. The information provided on this site is the official, published version and the information retrieved from GPO Access can be used without restriction, unless specifically noted. This free service is funded by the Federal Depository Library Program and has grown out of Public Law 103-40, known as the Government Printing Office Electronic Information Enhancement Act of 1993.

Outlines some important principles in the design of documents done in the field of composition studies. Maps the possible subject access points and presents research done on each kind of these. Shows how theories of information retrieval must build on or relate to different theories of concepts and meaning. Discusses two contrasting theories of semantics worked out by Ludwig Wittgenstein: the picture theory and the theory of language games, and demonstrates the different consequences of such theories for information retrieval. Finally, discusses the implications for information professionals.

Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of Arizona / The landscape of international computing is highly diverse from country to country, reflecting national differences and cultures. In addition, developments at the international level such as the post-war liberalization of international trade, and the activities of the ITU, UNESCO, the IBI, WIPO and other international organizations have done much to aid the global proliferation of information technology. However by the end of the 198Os, the world system was centralized in terms of innovation and manufacturing of information technology, and actions taken to rectify this inequality between nations were ineffective. Dependency theory, development theory and structuralism have all made contributions to understanding the effects of this global inequality and nation states have responded to this inequality according to both their economic status and their relative place within the worldwide system of innovation, manufacturing, and utilization of information technology. They have responded by throttling the supply of information technology with in their borders, its geographic reach and its applications range. These actions, combined with the undlerlying economic development of the nation state, help explain the vast differences and variations we find in information technology around the world -- they help to explain the landscape of international computing. Much empirical research needs to be done to more fully understand these variations.