In this document we are analyzing and modelling Mobile Payments System (further MPS). This type of system is based on new technologies. It is created in order to simplify every day’s usual small payments for different services. MMS also can offer to its users new service like access control, e-ticket and etc. Services that require small payments are integrated into one payments management system. The usage of the created system is simple and easy. The clients of the system are all users that use daily services such us car parking, city transport, theatre, cinema and other services where you don‘t need big money to pay for services. The users have to have mobile phone with SIM and integrated RFID card. Payment is very easily done, once you picked a service you can put your phone close to terminal and money are deducted from your e-account on the RFID fare card. A lot of service providers should be interested in this type of system. Because it can give cost reductions, it’s better and faster manageable, service providers can earn more from those value added services. MMS is also useful for the user, because he doesn’t need to carry with him small cash money, he can use his mobile with SIM and RFID as mobile-wallet which holds his e-money, e-ticket, access to office card.

This thesis analyzes the effects of external shocks and government policy responses on the current account in Kenya. We attempt to isolate two effects on the current account which arise from the impact of external shocks to the economy. The first one is attributed to a direct response by private agents to the shock. The second arises from the optimal response by the government to counteract the effects of the shock on the economy and depends on the government's objectives. It is hypothesized that these two effects can explain the behavior of the current account in many developing countries. / Much of the literature in developing countries ignores the indirect effect of government policy on private sector behavior and hence its effect on the current account. Moreover, the models emphasize empirical analysis with little or no theoretical foundation. / In this thesis, an intertemporal framework is postulated with rational optimizing agents. It is assumed that following an external shock, the rational behavior of economic agents is to adjust their production and spending behavior in an optimal manner. Depending on the degree of flexibility in the economy, the effect of this response is to reduce domestic absorption and thus improve the current account. At the same time, the government responds by undertaking policies which optimize its objectives given the shock. The overall effect may or may not improve the current account. / The reactions of both the government and the private sector are analyzed in the context of a game in which it is assumed that each agent takes the other's behavior into account when formulating economic decisions. Two types of equilibria are examined: a Nash non-cooperative concurrent game; and a non-cooperative Stackleberg structure. / The theoretical framework is along the lines of Conway who has undertaken a similar study for Turkey, a semi-industrialized economy. The model specification and the estimating equations are however modified to capture key features of the Kenyan economy. / The empirical results show that external shocks, particularly increases in the price of imported inputs and exchange rate devaluation have a contractionary effect on the Kenyan economy. Fox example, producers responded to an increase in the price of imported inputs by reducing the demand for the inputs as well as the demand for labor. As predicted by the theory, both the government and private agents responded to the shocks in an attempt to maximize their objectives. It is argued that the optimal responses of these agents are not necessarily in each other's interest implying that each agent will react to counteract the undesirable effects of the other's behavior. The interaction between the government and the private sector can be explained by a Stackleberg game structure where the government is the leader. Also, both the direct and indirect effects of the shocks are found to be important in explaining the behavior of the current account in Kenya.

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Research subject: the accounting and analysis of suppliers and customers payments. Research aim: to analyse theory and practice of suppliers and customers payments accounting and analysis and to adduce some suggestions for the accounting of payments edification with the customers and suppliers. Research objectives: 1) to explore and evaluate the method of suppliers and customers payments accounting and analysis; 2) to colect information about the orde of suppliers and customers payments accounting and analysis in Lithuanian companies; 3) to estimate demands of the information users and to offer a suggestion for the data of accounting educational enlargement. Research methods: the analysis of references-books, logical analysis and synthesis, comparison, graphical metods, vertical, horizontal and comparative analysis. The empirical data was selected by the form of poll - questionnaire. The analysing theory and practice of the payments with the customers and suppliers accounting and analyse the information varies estimating for the customers demands allow to determine the situation of Lithuanian company. One of the findings is the enterprises haven’t the gathering system of information about the payments with suppliers and customers. Therefore the consumers could not estimate the real situation about company. The result of this, users and the others enterprises have not circumstances to arbitrate the condition of company, to do analyse and to solve some management solutions.

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The purpose of this study is to construct a macroeconometric model for the Saudi Arabian economy in order to assess the effects of external shocks through such variables as the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports. This model follows the methodology of the aggregate demand and supply. Due to the absence of interest rates, the formulation of the aggregate demand, following the monetary approach to the income determination, is done by combining the equations from the monetary sector in addition to the government and foreign sectors of the economy. The aggregate supply side of the economy is formulated by combining the equations from the oil and non-oil production sectors. The model determines the behaviours of such important endogenous variables as the real absorptive capacity, real oil and non-oil GDP, real imports, velocity of money, money supply, balance of payments, government oil and non-oil revenues, government expenditure, government deficit, and non-oil GDP and general price inflation rates. The estimated model satisfactorily simulates the reality of the economy for the estimation period of 1971-1994. This, therefore, justifies the use of the model for both multiplier and scenario analyses. The multiplier analysis evaluates the cffects of a 10% change in the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports on the endogenous variables. The scenario analysis, however, examines the behaviours of the endogenous variables for 1999-2005 based on several scenarios on the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports. Concentrating on three sets of scenarios corresponding to low, moderate, and high level of oil prices, our study concludes that a sound economy into the next century requires more aggressive privatisation policies. That is, the government policies should drastically limit the government expenditure and, instead, encourage the private sector to invest and participate more aggressively in the economic development projects.

This thesis is a study of the relation between macroeconomic policies and the balance of payments. It is focused on institutional factors and empirical regularities pertaining to the Swedish economy. A major topic is the question whether there is any theoretical and empirical evidence that Sweden has some monetary autonomy. It is argued that risk averse behavior of private investors, in combination with the central bank’s exchange rate policy, creates some room for an independent monetary policy. On the other hand, capital controls that limit foreigners’ holdings of domestic securities seem to be ineffective. Another question concerns the determinants of the Swedish current account. Empirical results indicate that the disturbances to wages, government consumption and terms of trade are of relatively little importance to the development of the current account. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1988</p>

Univ., Diss.--Konstanz, 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 83 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-75).