The current study had three main objectives: to examine the relation between trait and state self-objectification and various eating pathology, including restricted eating; to examine the role of general and specific feminist attitudes on body dissatisfaction and trait disordered eating; and to merge two empirically supported models of eating disorders. Using a quasi-experimental research design with an elaborate cover story, one hundred and three women completed a variety of baseline measures and were assigned to one of two state self-objectifying conditions (swimsuit vs. sweater) where body image and body shame were measured at post. Additionally, following the manipulation, participants caloric intake during a snack break was measured. Results indicated that trait self objectification was associated with disordered eating symptomatology and analyses found an effect of condition on body shame, and that this effect was moderated by trait self-objectification. These results were not documented for caloric intake and body dissatisfaction, likely due to time of assessment of these variables. Also, results indicate that objectification theory and the dual pathways model merge well and that in the dual pathway, body shame may be a component of body dissatisfaction. Finally, feminist attitudes were also associated with body dissatisfaction but not with disordered eating symptoms. Implications for clinical work and future research are discussed.

Marburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2000.

This qualitative study explores client experiences to further understand psychotherapy for the treatment of eating disorders in community practice settings. Eight participants shared their experiences of individual psychotherapy, where eating disorders were the primary focus, during minimally-structured and open-ended interviews. Data were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Analysis resulted in 20 themes representing what participants described as meaningful in their experience of therapy. These themes are organized in five broader thematic categories: Goals and Expectations of Therapy, Therapist Way of Being, Session Process, Eating Disorder Specific Interventions, and Non-Eating Disorder Specific Interventions. Each thematic category and theme is described in detail, including verbatim quotes from participant accounts, and depicting points of agreement or divergence among participant experiences. The constructivist orientation, principles of hermeneutic phenomenology, and helpful factors design forefront participant perspectives and allow for elucidation of nuances in which therapy and therapeutic interventions unfold. The findings reinforce and expand upon scholarly literature, including ways that participants find it helpful when therapists consider the client’s context, but also value direction provided by therapists who have eating disorder expertise. Implications of the study for research, practice, and training are discussed.

Aim: In this study, women were interviewed about their experiences of recovering from an eating disorder - The aim has been to investigate the factors that contributed to recovery and with guidance of these factors, find factors that can be used in a preventive intervention. Method : A qualitative approach was used to design and conduct interviews, the design of the study was descriptive and a semistructured interview was used. The local affiliation of The Swedish Eating Disorder Association was contacted and provided contact with 10 women who participated in the interview. To participate in the study the women had to be recovered from their eating disorder for at least two years. The women who patricipated in the study were between 22 and 36 years old and had been recovered for 2- 16 years. Data were analyzed and coded then categories with similar themes about the factors that were important for recovery wad etablished. The various groups were summarized and are then recognized in the results. Results: Various factors have been important for recovery. One outstanding factor was people in their surroundings and people they met in treatment such as therapist, doctors and psychologists. These were persons who contributed to their courage to leave the eating disorders and helped them to better self-esteem, self-respect and hope for the future. Other important factors included the re- finding of their interests and to be their own selves in social contexts. Another important factor was to read literature about eating disorders, and biographies about people who have recovered from eating disorders. The conclusion is that the most important factor in recovering from an eating disorder is a person´s environment and its support. In order to prevent eating disorders, the work in the first place should be given to encourage children and young people´s self esteem

The current investigation measured rates of disordered eating and substance abuse among exotic dancers, evaluated the relationship between these rates and measures of embodiment, as well as the influence of club-type on these patterns. Of the seventy-five (75) female exotic dancer participants, ages 18-39 from across Ontario, 35% (n=26) were found to endorse disordered eating behaviour, 57% (n=43) were high risk for alcohol abuse, 63% (n=47) were high risk for drug abuse, and 20% (n=15) were found to be high risk for all three. Cluster analysis revealed two separate club-types: 1). Positive Club Environment; 2). Negative Club Environment. Significant relationships were found between all measures of embodiment and disordered eating. Level of body connectedness was negatively correlated with risk for alcohol abuse. While no relationship was found between club type and substance abuse or disordered eating, significant relationships were found between club type and all measures of embodiment.

The emergence of technology in its many forms has intercepted the connection that the natural body once had with spatial experiences. These tangible interactions between the body and space have been replaced with technology causing the body to become de-valued and disconnected from itself and the surrounding environment. This disconnect between the body and space is felt by many people, however, the effect is compounded in women suffering from eating disorders because of a pre-existing disconnect with the body. Eating disorders are becoming much more prevalent in society. According to Health Canada,1-2% of women between the ages of 15 and 25 have anorexia, 3-5 % have bulimia, with 10-20% eventually dying of complications despite interventions (Health Canada). While many of these women will enter the recovery phase from the disorder, relapse will occur with approximately 1/3 of the women (Zerbe, 17). There are many centres that focus on the treatment of eating disorders while few focus on the aftercare that is crucial to prevent relapse. This design project will attempt to create a wellness centre focused on awareness, education and prevention of eating disorders through a strengthened connection with nature. The exploration of biophilic concepts, which are interactions with nature will foster the connection between the body and space re-developing and sustaining a body awareness that has become obsolete to the technical body in this modern world.

The current investigation measured rates of disordered eating and substance abuse among exotic dancers, evaluated the relationship between these rates and measures of embodiment, as well as the influence of club-type on these patterns. Of the seventy-five (75) female exotic dancer participants, ages 18-39 from across Ontario, 35% (n=26) were found to endorse disordered eating behaviour, 57% (n=43) were high risk for alcohol abuse, 63% (n=47) were high risk for drug abuse, and 20% (n=15) were found to be high risk for all three. Cluster analysis revealed two separate club-types: 1). Positive Club Environment; 2). Negative Club Environment. Significant relationships were found between all measures of embodiment and disordered eating. Level of body connectedness was negatively correlated with risk for alcohol abuse. While no relationship was found between club type and substance abuse or disordered eating, significant relationships were found between club type and all measures of embodiment.

Bariatric surgery is a life-altering procedure that leads to substantial weight loss for most patients with obesity. Psychiatric conditions that may interfere with eating behavior and other behavioral prescriptions after surgery are common. Disordered eating is an established risk factor for inferior weight loss but the effects of negative mood and impulsivity are largely unknown. This thesis aims to investigate the prevalence of and associations between these potential risk factors and eating behavior in bariatric surgery patients. Study I assessed the prevalence of adult Attention Deficits/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in bariatric surgery patients. Symptoms of adult ADHD were elevated compared to the normal population and associated with symptoms of disordered eating, anxiety, and depression. Study II investigated whether treatment with Behavioral Activation (BA) could ameliorate binge eating and other symptoms of disordered eating in patients with obesity and Binge Eating Disorder. The results showed that BA was effective in increasing activity levels and improving mood but not in ameliorating binge eating in these patients. Study III was a prospective study on disordered eating, symptoms of depression and anxiety, symptoms of adult ADHD, and alcohol risk consumption before surgery and at follow-up after 12 months. After controlling for age, no variable measured before surgery could predict weight loss after surgery. Disordered eating after surgery was associated with inferior weight loss in men and a subgroup of older female participants. The present thesis concludes that symptoms of adult ADHD are common among bariatric surgery patients and associated with disordered eating. There is no indication that symptoms of adult ADHD are associated with short-term inferior weight loss after surgery. However, adult ADHD may be a risk factor for postsurgical alcohol abuse. The treatment study showed no direct association among activity, mood, and binge eating. BA, while effective in improving mood, was found not to be an effective treatment for BED, at least in the short group format investigated.

The emergence of technology in its many forms has intercepted the connection that the natural body once had with spatial experiences. These tangible interactions between the body and space have been replaced with technology causing the body to become de-valued and disconnected from itself and the surrounding environment. This disconnect between the body and space is felt by many people, however, the effect is compounded in women suffering from eating disorders because of a pre-existing disconnect with the body. Eating disorders are becoming much more prevalent in society. According to Health Canada,1-2% of women between the ages of 15 and 25 have anorexia, 3-5 % have bulimia, with 10-20% eventually dying of complications despite interventions (Health Canada). While many of these women will enter the recovery phase from the disorder, relapse will occur with approximately 1/3 of the women (Zerbe, 17). There are many centres that focus on the treatment of eating disorders while few focus on the aftercare that is crucial to prevent relapse. This design project will attempt to create a wellness centre focused on awareness, education and prevention of eating disorders through a strengthened connection with nature. The exploration of biophilic concepts, which are interactions with nature will foster the connection between the body and space re-developing and sustaining a body awareness that has become obsolete to the technical body in this modern world.

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