Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-204).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1983. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 526-592).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1989. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-215).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Yale University, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 267-279).

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2010. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 69 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).

"This report to Congress on measuring stability and security in Iraq is submitted pursuant to section 9010 of the Department of Defense Appropriationsto section 9010 of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act 2006, Public Law 109-148. This is the fourth in a series of reports on this subject and the second of these reports under Section 9010. The most recent report was submitted in February 2006. The report is divided into two sections corresponding to the indicators and measures identified in Section 9010. The first section of the report, "Stability and Security in Iraq," describes trends and progress towards meeting goals for political stability, strengthening economic activity, and achieving a stable security environment in Iraq. The second section of the report, "Security Forces Training and Performance," describes progress in the training, development, and readiness of the Iraqi Security Forces, including the forces of the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and the police and paramilitary forces of the Ministry of Interior (MOI). A classified annex to this report provides classified data concerning security force training and performance and addresses possible U.S. military force rotations"--P. 1. / Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 6, 2006). "May 26, 2006."

Orientador: Mario Luiz Possas / Banca: Mário Augusto Bertella / Banca: Giuliano Contento de Oliveira / Resumo: Partindo da teoria de Keynes sobre o funcionamento da economia - que é marcada pela necessidade de os agentes tomarem decisões acerca de um futuro incerto - e tendo por base o já tradicional debate regras versus discricionariedade, esta pesquisa propõe uma investigação sobre a política monetária em Keynes, tentando sugerir que esta não deve, necessariamente, ser feita de maneira discricionária pela Autoridade Monetária, ao contrário do que afirmam alguns keynesianos e pós-keynesianos. Queremos mostrar que a adoção de certas regras que possibilitam gerar confiança e credibilidade entre os agentes econômicos, em busca da estabilidade dos preços e do ambiente macroeconômico, pode ser uma orientação política compatível com a teoria keynesiana / Abstract: Starting from Keynes's theory of the functioning of the economy - which is marked by the need for agentes to make decisions about an uncertain future - and based on the traditional debate rules versus discretion, this study proposes a research on monetary policy sccording to Keynes and the Post-Keynesians, trying to suggest that this should not necessarily be done in a discretionary way by the Monetary Authority, contrary to what some Keynesians and post-Keynesians hold. We intend to show that the adoption of certain rules that make it possible to build trust and credibility among economic agents, in pursuit of stability both of prices and the macroeconomic environment, can be a political orientation compatible with Keynesian theory / Mestre

This dissertation is a collection of three essays on the monetary and fiscal stabilization policies. Grounded in the framework of the New Keynesian model, they combine both theoretical modeling and quantitative analysis, taking into account the considerations from behavioral macroeconomics and global supply chains. Chapter 1 considers both short-term effects and long-run consequences of alternative monetary and fiscal policies under an assumption of bounded rationality. Most of the existing analyses of the interaction between monetary and fiscal policy in the monetary literature often turn crucially on assumptions that are made about outcomes far in the future, sometimes infinitely far. This is a problematic feature of rational-expectations analyses, given the limited basis for assumptions about the distant future. By relaxing this problematic assumption regarding long-expectation, while keeping other parts as close as possible to the standard New Keynesian model, I take the approach of finite forward planning to study the interplay of fiscal transfer policies and monetary policy. In particular, this approach assumes that explicit forward planning extends only a finite distance into the future, with anticipated situations at that horizon evaluated using a value function learned from past experience. Such an approach makes announcements of future policies relevant, but avoids the debates about equilibrium selection that plague rational-expectations analyses. The combined monetary-fiscal regimes that result in stable long-run dynamics are characterized, and the effectiveness of temporary changes in either type of policy as a source of short-run demand stimulus is analyzed. The effectiveness of a coordinated change in monetary and fiscal policy is shown to be greatest when decision makers' degree of foresight is intermediate in range (average planning horizons on the order of ten years), rather than shorter or longer. Chapter 2, co-authored with Michael Woodford, reconsiders several issues connected with stabilization policy, when the zero lower bound (ZLB) is a relevant constraint on the effectiveness of conventional monetary policy, under an assumption of bounded rationality. In particular, it assumes that decision makers only plan a finite distance into the future each time they must act, and use a value function from their past experiences to estimate a continuation value for their situation at the end of the planning horizon. Forward guidance regarding future monetary policy remains relevant, even if its predicted impact is quantitatively weaker, and in particular price-level targeting continues to have advantages over purely forward-looking inflation targeting during a ZLB scenario. Moreover, recognizing that planning horizons may be relatively short for some strengthens the case for systematic price-level targeting, as opposed to temporary price-level targeting only following a ZLB scenario. Fiscal transfers can be a powerful tool to reduce the contractionary impact of an increased financial wedge during a crisis, and even make possible complete stabilization of both aggregate output and inflation under certain circumstances, but the power of such policies depends on the degree of monetary policy accommodation. We also show that a higher level of welfare is generally possible if both monetary and fiscal authorities commit themselves to history-dependent policies in the period after the financial disturbance has dissipated. Chapter 3, co-authored with Shang-Jin Wei, studies the implications of global supply chains for the design of monetary policy, using a small-open economy New Keynesian model with multiple stages of production. Within the family of simple monetary policy rules with commitment, a rule that targets separate producer price inflation at different production stages, in addition to the output gap and real exchange rate, is found to deliver a higher welfare level than alternative policy rules. As an economy becomes more open, measured by the export share, the optimal weight on the upstream inflation rises relative to that on the final stage inflation. If we have to choose among aggregate price indicators, targeting PPI inflation yields a smaller welfare loss than targeting CPI inflation alone. As the production chain becomes longer, the optimal weight on PPI inflation in the policy rule that targets both PPI and CPI inflation will also rise. A trade cost shock such as a rise in the import tariff can alter the optimal weights on different inflation variables.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--RAND Graduate School, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.