Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to incorporate the concept of equity in health and its importance in the discussion of human development within the Economy. Initially, a conversation between health and economy seems impossible, and to achieve this goal, this paper presents a literature course that begins in the traditional theory of welfare and reaches the capabilities approach. By adopting the concept of human development, proposed by the capabilities approach, and connect with the concept of health equity, has a very rich conversation in terms of assessment of the population lives. The capabilities approach adopts a multidimensional concept for human development, for which the life of people is the ultimate goal; health equity refers also to a multidimensional concept that ranges from genetic factors of the individuals to the macroeconomic environment in which they live. Thus, health equity is opening to participate in the economic discussion on human development through the multidimensionality that connects with the capabilities approach. Expand the vision of Economy based on well-being, based on the maximization of the utilities of individuals and development based on income, to a vision that embraces the individual as a whole, consisting of values and social and specific characteristics, it becomes an essential issue when it recognizes that people are the ultimate goal of the progress of countries. The literature survey identified that health equity is inherent to human success, social and economic development of nations, is also a major contemporary concern internationally and is a goal that is strongly linked to human development. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo incorporar o conceito de equidade em saúde e sua importância na discussão sobre desenvolvimento humano, dentro da Economia. Inicialmente, uma conversa entre saúde e economia parece algo impossível, e para atingir este objetivo, o presente trabalho apresenta uma trajetória bibliográfica que tem início na teoria tradicional do bem-estar e chega até a abordagem das capacitações. Ao adotar o conceito de desenvolvimento humano, proposto pela abordagem das capacitações, e o conectar com o conceito de equidade em saúde, tem-se uma conversa bastante rica em termos de avaliação da vida das populações. A abordagem das capacitações adota um conceito multidimensional para o desenvolvimento humano, para o qual a vida das pessoas é o fim último; a equidade em saúde refere-se também a um conceito multidimensional que abrange desde fatores genéticos dos indivíduos até o cenário macroeconômico no qual estão inseridos. Desta forma, a equidade em saúde encontra abertura para participar da discussão econômica sobre desenvolvimento humano, através da multidimensionalidade que a conecta com a abordagem das capacitações. Ampliar a visão da Economia baseada no bem-estar, fundamentado na maximização das utilidades dos indivíduos e no desenvolvimento baseado na renda, para uma visão que abrange o indivíduo em sua totalidade, constituída de valores e características sociais e individuais específicas, torna-se uma questão indispensável quando se reconhece que as pessoas são a finalidade última do progresso dos países. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada permite identificar que a equidade em saúde é inerente ao sucesso humano, social e econômico das nações, é também uma importante preocupação contemporânea no contexto internacional e representa um objetivo que está fortemente ligado ao desenvolvimento humano.

För ungdomar med föräldrar i ekonomisk utsatthet kan det vara svårt att veta vilket stöd som finns. Samtidigt är det en tid då man ska försöka ta sig in i vuxenlivet och man kanske funderar på att hoppa av gymnasiet för att leta arbete. Uppsatsen ämnade sig åt syftet om att undersöka vilka, om några alls, strategier socialt arbete kan ge till ungdomar i ekonomisk utsatthet och hur dessa strategier beskrivs i riktlinjer från Socialtjänsten, för de som ännu inte fullt kan delta på arbetsmarknaden. Främst för vilka möjligheter de har till att bidra till det egna hushållets ekonomi. Specifikt gjordes detta i en dokumentanalys som ämnar svara på frågorna: vilken/vilka strategi/er erbjuds ungdomar i ekonomisk utsatthet som har kontakt med socialtjänst? Och går det att utläsa någon översiktlig bild av hur Socialtjänsten ser på ungdomar i ekonomisk utsatthet utifrån socialtjänsters riktlinjer? I datan framgick det att väldigt få riktlinjer riktar sig helt mot ungdomar. Resultatet visade på att Socialtjänsten sysslar med aktivering för ungdomar för att motverka långtidsberoende av socialt bidragstagande. Riktlinjerna som fokuserar på ungdomar lutar hårt på föräldrarnas försörjningsskyldighet som skyddsnät och ger inte mycket utrymme för ungdomen att bidra till hushållet. Slutsatsen blev att ungdomar är en målgrupp som behöver mer utrymme i riktlinjerna för att undvika att hamna i ett långtidsberoende av socialt bidrag och att det krävs mer övergripande studier för att se vilka strategier som kan hjälpa ungdomar i ekonomisk utsatthet att ta sig ur ekonomisk utsatthet. / For youths with parents in economically vulnerability it can be hard to know what support there is. At the same time, it’s a time when you are trying to get into the adulthood and might be considering dropping out of high school to look for work. The essay dedicated itself to the purpose of investigating which, if any, strategies social work can give to youths in economical vulnerability and how these strategies are described in guidelines from social services, for those who cannot yet fully participate on the job market. Firstly, what possibilities do they have to contribute to the household’s economy. Specifically, this was done in a document analysis that aims to answer the questions: What/which strategy/ies are offered to youths in economical vulnerability that has contact with social services? And can a clear picture of how social services view youths in economical vulnerability be discerned from the social services guidelines? In the data it’s clear that very few guidelines are entirely focused on youths. The results show that social services are involved in activation for youths to counteract long-term dependence on social benefits. The guidelines that are focused on youths, lean heavily on the parent’s liability to provide as a protective measure and doesn’t provide a space for the youth to contribute to the household. The conclusion is that youths is a target group that needs more space in the guidelines to avoid ending up in a long-term dependence on social benefits and that it requires more overarching studies to see what strategies can help youths in economical vulnerability, to escape that economical vulnerability.

Until recently, there have been different and sometimes conflicting views on whether or not the communal land tenure system (CLTS) has a positive or negative impact on rural economic welfare. This study analyses some trends associated with the CLTS in the Ditsobotla area of the NorthWest province, focusing on the implications for rural economic welfare. The results of the study suggest that the CLTS is extremely important in order to sustain the rural economy, and therefore this dissertation presents developmental, policy and research options for consideration by government and other affected stakeholders for the betterment of the livelihood of people in the Ditsobotla area. The study adopts participatory research techniques in the selected villages of Springbokpan and Mooifontein. It also reflects on land tenure experiences in other African countries. The dissertation concludes with a suggestion that the South African government should engage in in-depth research programmes prior to the implementation of the envisaged communal land tenure reform legislation and that, the state should secure sufficient funding to boost agricultural activities in the area. Taking all these factors into account, a view is held that all developmental endeavours in the area must be informed by the collective participation of the affected local people, and their efforts must be united for the enhancement of their livelihood. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

Until recently, there have been different and sometimes conflicting views on whether or not the communal land tenure system (CLTS) has a positive or negative impact on rural economic welfare. This study analyses some trends associated with the CLTS in the Ditsobotla area of the NorthWest province, focusing on the implications for rural economic welfare. The results of the study suggest that the CLTS is extremely important in order to sustain the rural economy, and therefore this dissertation presents developmental, policy and research options for consideration by government and other affected stakeholders for the betterment of the livelihood of people in the Ditsobotla area. The study adopts participatory research techniques in the selected villages of Springbokpan and Mooifontein. It also reflects on land tenure experiences in other African countries. The dissertation concludes with a suggestion that the South African government should engage in in-depth research programmes prior to the implementation of the envisaged communal land tenure reform legislation and that, the state should secure sufficient funding to boost agricultural activities in the area. Taking all these factors into account, a view is held that all developmental endeavours in the area must be informed by the collective participation of the affected local people, and their efforts must be united for the enhancement of their livelihood. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)