Environmental effects of selected monomers, eventually aditives of polymers, will be evaluated by ecotoxicity tests. For this purpose two alternative tests of toxicity: Thamnotoxkit F TM on testing organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnotoxkit F TM on testing organism Daphnia magna will be used. Two phytotoxicity tests will be also used: Sinapis alba root growth inhibition toxicity test and Allium cepa L root growth inhibition toxicity test. Obtained results enable calculation of value LC50, EC50 and IC50 for tested substances.

Určení vlivu volby zkušebního organismu na výsledek stanovení toxických účinků. Porovnání výsledků stanovení akutní toxicity mikrometodou při použití 5 různých druhů sladkovodních řas (podle TNV 75 7741), vyhodnocení rozdílů v citlivosti použitých druhů, optimalizace metodických postupů.

Evaluation of the sewage sludges from different sewage water treatments will be performed by means of available ecotoxicity tests. The evaluation will be done in accordance with the valid legislation. On the basis of the obtained values the sludges will be classified into the respective grades of leachability and the dangerous property of the sewage sludges ecotoxicity will be evaluated.

This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of algal test methods and passes judgement on their availibility for ecotoxicological analysis of chosen chemical substances. By counting of algal cells and spectrophotometry was determined influence of potassium bichromate on growth of freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus.

The energetic byproducts are a part of energetic wastes which are residues of fuels combustion or also the residues of flue-gas cleaning. Their following application can impact the terrestrial and subsequently also aquatic ecosystems. With respect to these reasons it is necessary to deal with their possible ecotoxicity. Within the framework of this diploma thesis water leaches from the byproducts’ samples were prepared and subsequently ecotoxicaly tested. Three alternative toxicity tests on aquatic organisms were used: Thamnotoxkit FTM and a Rapidtoxkit FTM on sense organisms Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphtoxkit FTM on sense organisms Daphnia magna. Standard tests of fytotoxicity were also used; Sinapis alba root growth inhibition test and Lemna minor growth inhibition test. The values of EC50, LC50 and IC50 were determined and ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts was evaluated.

The energetic by-products are a part of energetic wastes which are residues of fuels combustion or also the residues of flue-gas cleaning. Their following use could impact the terrestrial and subsequently also aquatic ecosystems. For these reasons it is necessary to evaluate with their possible ecotoxicity. In this diploma work the samples of energy products were subjected to ecotoxicological testing via contact phytotoxicity tests on Embryophyta. Water leaches of these samples were tested in order of comparison of the two testing methods. To test the water leaches of energy by-products the root growth inhibition test of five selected plant species were used; white mustard (Sinapis alba), kohlrabi oilseed rape (Brassica napus), turnip kohlrabi rape (Brassica rapa), garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and oats (Avena sativa). For the evaluation of ecotoxicity in contact arrangement the following phytotoxicity tests were selected: germination and growth of higher plants, brassica oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and oats (Avena sativa). Furthermore, the limit concentrations of waste at the plant Brassica napus were tested and screening tests poppy germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were performed. On the basis of obtained results ecotoxicity of energetic by-product was assessed and needs of solid matrices testing in contact arrangement discussed.

This thesis deals with ecotoxicity tests of selected substances used in agriculture and horticulture. It is focused on the determination of acute and chronic toxicity of selected herbicides. These herbicides are sold commercially, specifically Finalsan (active substance is nonanoic acid), the product of Neudorff GmbH KG company, and Dominator (active substance is glyphosate, isopropylamine salt) by Dow AgroSciences Ltd. Next tested substances are potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate - common agricultural fertilizers. Potassium dichromate was also tested. Potassium dichromate is very toxic for aquatic environment and it is used as the standard in acute tests. Tests were carried out in terms of effects on aquatic systems, due to very good solubility in water of selected substances. The tests were performed on the organism Daphnia magna.

In the case of fires frequently wide range of inhomogeneous material is burnt. A lot of combustion products arise during this event, which may adversely affect the environment. Most often detected compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and also organic compounds, which show adverse effects for organism. It is possible to identify and quantify most of them by chemical analysis, but their impact on the ecosystem is not predictable on the basis of these results. An effective tool to predict the impact of combustion products on the ecosystem are ecotoxicity tests. In this thesis, the water leachates of samples from fire places were prepared and subjected to ecotoxicological tests. Two alternative test of ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms were used: the first on the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus (ThamnotoxkitFTM) and the second on the organism Daphnia magna (DaphtoxkitFTM). Another testing aquatic organism was Artemia salina. Ecotoxicity was also tested using a standard phytotoxicity tests; white mustard (Sinapis alba) and white onion (Allium cepa) root growth inhibition tests and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) growth inhibition test. On the basis of obtained ecotoxicological values LC (EC, IC)50 the impact of matrices from fire places on the ecosystem was evaulated.

Polymers or their modifiers may become parts of a wide range of products. After the end of life cycle useful parts of the products are recycled but significant parts still become household waste. It´s therefore desirable not only by law on chemicals and chemical products, but also according to the requirements of European directive REACH, to assess the impact not only chemical but also the additives of all products or products themselves in terms of their impact on the environment. For these purposes it serves ecotoxicity tests, which allow prediction of the influence test compounds in the environment. In this diploma thesis were evaluated polypropylene modifiers, which are commercially produced. Use of ecotoxicity tests were evaluated maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride effects on the environment. Alternative tests have been used for toxicity and namely Thamnotoxkit FTM the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnotokit FTM the organism Daphnia magna. The phytotoxicity test groups were selected toxicity tests: Sinapis alba root growth inhibition toxicity test, Allium cepa L root growth inhibition toxicity test and Semi-chronic toxicity test on Lemna minor L. From marine toxicity tests was performed Acute inhibition test of brine shrimps Artemia salina.

Constantly increasing consumption of drugs leads to the increase of the concentration of residues in various environmental compartments. For this reason the drug residues are nowadays classified as significant environmental contaminants. The drug residues enter the soil along with the application of sewage sludge either as a fertilizer or during fertilizing by animal excrements excreted after drug administration, eventually by direct contamination from treated grazing animals. The presence of these substances in soil has got negative impact on the sensitive soil ecosystem. The diploma thesis aims to evaluation of possible soil contamination with selected drugs through ecotoxicity tests. For this purpose sulfonamide chemotherapeutic agents, which are often used in veterinary medicine, were chosen, specifically sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazin. Eartworms (Lumbricus) were selected as suitable test representative soil organism. In the experimantal part of this work the avoidance test according to ISO 17512-1 and modified bioaccumulation test according to OECD 317 methodology were performed. Bioaccumulation substances in oligochaetes, for which the artificial soil was prepared according to OECD 207 methodology, which was subsequently contaminated with above specified drugs. Although according to the results of determination of these substances there is no significant bioaccumulation in eartworms‘ tissue, these organisms are very responsive to the presence of contaminants in the soil environment. This is evident from the results of avoidance tests.