Elementary students¡¦ participation in activities is an important issue. By participating in activities, students become socialization; learn the optimistic attitude toward people and environment and develop their personality. This study was assumed that elementary students not only participate in school activities, but also in extra curricula activities. The degree of participation in both activities depends on the family background, and shapes individual life chance in the future. The data focuses on four elementary school in residential district and industrial estate, located in Yongkang City, Tainan County, and sampling randomly 310 students from the senior students¡]sixth grade¡^to analyze. These below are the analysis¡G 1. The variable of school and extra curricula activities has significant correlation with variables of educational expectancy and the life chance. 2. This study regards the level of Father¡¦s education and occupation as a family¡¦s socio-economic status. It founds that the higher the family¡¦s socio-economic status, the better the students¡¦ educational expectancy. 3. Variable of the level of Father¡¦s education and occupation makes significant correlation with extra curricula activities. ¡]1¡^The higher the family¡¦s socio-economic status is, the more frequency of children¡¦s participation extra curricula activities is. ¡]2¡^The higher the family¡¦s socio-economic status is, the longer the children¡¦s participation in extra curricula activities is. ¡]3¡^According to these two point above, it founds that a family¡¦s socio-economic status makes great influence in students¡¦ participation in extra curricula activities. 4. By statistic regression, it shows that a family¡¦s socio-economic status is the biggest influence to students¡¦ educational expectancy. This study founds that whether elementary students participate in activities or not, makes great influence to life chance in the future. However, a family¡¦s socio-economic status makes the inequality of the chance. It is proposed that socialist, educationist, and the policy-maker should make efforts to eliminate the restriction of inequality, and build a friendly environment for students to learn by participating in any activities. Consequently, the equal chance will promote students¡¦ self and social competition ability, and make them develop great life chance.