Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Hilbernon Fernandes Coelho.pdf: 2519283 bytes, checksum: 972a4d031a678a36839deb493a920e25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-17 / The objective of this thesis is to verify whether the economic growth generated in two productive systems, in Petrolina/Juazeiro, Brazil, and the one in the Sixth Region, in Chile, from 1990 to 2005, was sufficiently able to generate overflowing effects in order to promote local development. It is postulated in this paper that the economic growth will render benefits to the population only with the intervention and regulation on the part of the State, which will make investments in other areas feasible. For example, investments in areas as education and the health system, as a mean to diminish social conflicts or tensions within the fruit export sector of the two mentioned productive systems. In order that such objective is fulfilled, with a view to confirm or not the postulate, this work was divided into five chapters, introduction and the conclusion paragraphs not included. In the first chapter, literature on the subject is revised, which aims to verify the state of the art of studies about enterprise clusterings and their interaction with the environment they are established in. The second chapter presents a qualitative analysis about the competitiveness of the global fruit chain market, emphasizing the importance of ties and local impact with global actors. The third chapter compares the Brazilian and the Chilean fruit production, taking into account each country s history and trajectory. The fourth, comprehends the empirical phase of the thesis, based on the application of the research tools, which is contained in the economical-productive characterization of the two productive systems with a competitiveness point of view. A brief analysis about work relationship in the two productive clusters has also been done. In the fifth chapter, the idea of development as a socioeconomic process is defended, which will fully verify whether the wellbeing of the local population has been met. The economical aspects were analyzed by means of two indicators: a) physical productivity of work and b) level of openness to foreign affairs. The IDH/PNUD premises were used in order to verify whether economic growth has provoked sufficient overflowing to promote human development in the studied areas. At last, it is concluded that even in other, distant lands, there are similarities between the productive processes of the two systems, mainly in what accounts for the availability of resources and the role that the State plays, bestowing privileges to some social segments to the detriment of other segments. In respect to the kind of insertion in the national and global fresh fruit markets, the two localities have different styles as to institutional, social and historical characteristics in each of their regions. This study made it possible to confirm the hypothesis that it is possible to verify the spillover effect under the current entrepreneurial view in respect to the productive system studied. With a view to the remarkable actuation of large national and foreign companies in the global fruit supply chain, and if there is no direct intervention of the State as the main driver of development, through efficient public policies, this discussion about clustering of enterprises and people development may remain empty, considering that the market has not been sufficiently able to promote human development. / O objetivo principal da tese ? verificar se o crescimento econ?mico gerado nos dois sistemas produtivos, em Petrolina/Juazeiro, no Brasil e na Sexta Regi?o, no Chile, no per?odo compreendido entre 1990 e 2005, foi suficiente para gerar efeitos de transbordamentos para promover o desenvolvimento das localidades. Parte-se do pressuposto que o crescimento econ?mico s? se traduzir? em benef?cios para a popula??o se houver interven??o e regula??o do Estado, viabilizando investimentos em outras ?reas como, por exemplo, educa??o e sa?de, como forma de diminuir as tens?es sociais no setor exportador de frutas dos dois agrupamentos produtivos em quest?o. A metodologia aborda uma revis?o na literatura, objetivando verificar o estado da arte dos estudos sobre a aglomera??o de empresas e a sua intera??o com o local; uma an?lise qualitativa sobre a competitividade da cadeia global da fruta, enfatizando a import?ncia dos v?nculos e impactos locais com os atores globais; compara??o da fruticultura brasileira com a chilena, observando-se a historiografia de cada pa?s e suas respectivas trajet?rias; caracteriza??o econ?mico-produtiva dos dois sistemas produtivos, sob o ponto de vista da competitividade, atrav?s de entrevistas e aplica??o de question?rio; ? feita tamb?m uma breve an?lise sobre as rela??es de trabalho nos dois agrupamentos produtivos. Os aspectos econ?micos foram analisados por meio de dois indicadores: a) produtividade f?sica do trabalho e b) grau de abertura para o exterior. Para verificar se o crescimento econ?mico gerou transbordamentos suficientes para promover o desenvolvimento humano nas ?reas de estudo, utilizaram-se as premissas do IDH/PNUD. Os resultados mostram que, mesmo em lugares distantes, h? similaridades nos processos produtivos dos dois sistemas, principalmente, no que se refere ? disponibilidade de recursos e ao papel do Estado, privilegiando alguns segmentos sociais em detrimento de outros. Quanto ? inser??o nos mercados nacionais e globais de frutas frescas, as duas localidades se inserem de forma diferenciada conforme as caracter?sticas institucionais, sociais e hist?ricas de cada regi?o. O estudo permitiu confirmar a hip?tese de que ? imposs?vel verificar efeito de transbordamento com a mentalidade empresarial vigente nos sistemas produtivos estudados. Tendo em vista a atua??o marcante de grandes empresas nacionais e estrangeiras, voltadas para o suprimento da cadeia global de frutas, se n?o houver a interven??o direta do Estado como o principal indutor do desenvolvimento, por meio de pol?ticas p?blicas eficazes, a discuss?o sobre agrupamentos de empresas e desenvolvimento das pessoas ser? vazia, visto que, comprovadamente, o mercado n?o ? suficiente para promover o desenvolvimento humano.