Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 1999. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-122).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Music. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-151). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11863

Specific ion effects on protein interfaces have been observed for many years, but yet comprehensive explanations regarding the mechanism by which ions interact with proteins and more general aqueous interfaces are still under investigation. Realistically, ion specificity on protein stability is due to numerous contributions and interactions between the solution and protein. However, the most important contribution is arguably the hydrophobic effect, specifically the change in free energy when water molecules are liberated from the interfacial region upon protein folding. In the work presented here, the effects of different ions on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1, 2 –Hexanediol were examined to study salt effects on hydrophobicity by the means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results show that anions and cations do exhibit the specific effects on hydrophobic interactions. However, the origin of these specific ion effects different for cations and anions. Cation specific effects are caused by their ability to form cavities in solution, while anion specific effects arise from their ability to interact with the interface. These results are of interest to the researchers in the protein folding field, providing significant experimental hydrophobicity data necessary for theoretical biologists that are attempting to predict protein structures. / February 2015

The aim of this dissertation was to study the absorption, and subsequent toxic side effects of transition metal based pharmaceuticals following oral administration to rats. Administration of cisplatin (30mg/kg), carboplatin (37mg/kg) and iproplatin (42mg/kg) by oral gavage resulted in their rapid absorption so that respective peak blood levels of 2.63mug platinum/ml, 1.48mug platinum/ml and 3.13mug platinum/ml were achieved within 2-4 hours. Approximately 3-4% of the dose was excreted in the urine, but the major route of elimination was the faeces (>75%). This indicated that although rapid, absorption was relatively poor. Absorption was enhanced by employing a period of starvation prior to administration. A series of novel platinum (IV) mixed amines were absorbed to a greater extent than cisplatin and its congeners, carboplatin and iproplatin. However, absorption was somewhat slower with peak blood levels being attained some 24 hours after administration. Of the other transition metal complexes studied, auranofin and ruthenium acetylacetonate were particularly well absorbed so that peak blood levels of 12.53mug gold/ml and 6.4mug ruthenium/ml were achieved respectively. Urinary clearance of the ruthenium complex was especially significant with up to 45% of the administered dose being eliminated by this pathway within 48 hours. In vitro everted gut sac and in situ perfusion techniques confirmed the in vivo finding that cisplatin is absorbed from the small intestine more readily than carboplatin. No evidence for active or carrier-mediated transport was found and kinetic studies confirmed that absorption was by passive diffusion. Toxicology studies after oral administration of cisplatin (57 or 30mg/kg) or carboplatin (282mg/kg) indicated that the toxicities associated with the perenteral use of the complexes would also apply to the oral route. This was exemplified by the fact that oral cisplatin was profoundly nephrotoxic, whereas carboplatin was not. In addition, gastro-intestinal toxicity manifested as acute necrotizing enteritis and ulcerogenicity of the stomach was potentiated by the oral route. Studies in the ferret indicated that cisplatin is significantly more emetogenic than carboplatin. Examination of liver morphology indicated changes, such as mitochondrial swelling and vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum, that might indicate a higher incidence of hepatotoxic responses associated with administration of platinum complexes by the oral route. Both cisplatin and carboplatin induced a degree of myelosuppression but the most pronounced haematological lesion associated with oral administration was severe erythrocytosis which occurred as a result of a dehydration related decrease in plasma volume. Electrothermal atomic absorption analysis of tissues excised from cisplatin and carboplatin rats indicated that platinum deposition was highest in the kidney. In an attempt to explain the prolonged retention of cisplatin in this organ, the intracellular location of the compound was studied using electron microprobe analysis and subcellular fractionation. The various lysosome populations of the proximal tubule were identified as sites of concentration of platinum and it was hypothesised that sequestration within these organelles might be an important mechanism of detoxification.

This study involved the determinations of the foliar levels of chlorophyll a and b and metal levels in the year 1, year 2 and year 3 needles of Sitka spruce. A survey was made of nineteen sites in the Afan 1 forest in South Wales. The results obtained indicates that there are two distinct types of site, namely good growth sites and poor growth sites. The poor growth sites were found to be at higher elevations. Further analyses of the results show that there is possibly an increased loss of nutrients from the trees at the poor growth sites. This may be due to increased pollution that may be present at the higher elevations. In 1987 a survey was made of the one year old epicormic tissues that were compared with the normal tissues at the 19 sites of the Afan 1 Forest There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of the chlorophylls or in any of the metals that were looked at. At the Afan 1 Forest there are observed pairs of trees that are growing quite close together, but they exhibit quite a marked difference in growth. One of the pair shows vigorous healthy growth, whilst the other is stunted and shows symptoms of decline. One such pair is found at Site 15. They are of the same age and from the same seed stock. It was found that over an eight month period, the stronger growing of the pair had significantly higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, potassium, calcium and magnesium. This may indicate increased leaching and foliar damage from the poorer growing of the pair. Three more pairs of trees together with their grafts were examined from sites' 1,5 and 6, for their levels of peroxidase enzymes. Peroxidase has been used to determine possible genetic differences in cultivars. The work yielded very little useful information. The SCOR-UNESCO equations have been widely used as a means of determining chlorophyll levels from plant extracts. A multivariate calibration method was used in conjunction with HPLC to determine the accuracy of these equations for determining the levels of chlorophyll and b. The results show revealed that the equations appear to be underestimating the chlorophyll a levels. Leading on from the HPLC work, a novel method for the separating a mixture of chlorophyll a and b was developed using packed column SFC. The method appears to be quite promising with its better resolution and faster analysis times as compared to FIPLC methods. Sitka spruce seedlings were grown in COIR (coconut husk) and were used in and were used in a central composite design to determine the effects of cadmium and copper, both singly and in combination would have upon their growth. Response surface methodology was used to determine the effects and it was found from the experiment that high levels of cadmium appeared to have an effect upon the elongation of the needles of the new shoots.