Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-14T16:05:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE VERSAO CD.pdf: 3152924 bytes, checksum: 092ea2b9252bf6a28765db6cb023e409 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T16:05:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE VERSAO CD.pdf: 3152924 bytes, checksum: 092ea2b9252bf6a28765db6cb023e409 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / CNPq / As indústrias têxteis são importantes na economia de um país devido à geração de recursos. Constituem indústrias que consomem bastante água e produzem efluentes líquidos potencialmente poluidores. Entre as substâncias tóxicas despejadas em corpos receptores, destacam-se os corantes. A fiscalização destas indústrias no Arranjo Produtivo Local Pernambucano (APL) é precária e os processos aplicados nos tratamentos não são totalmente eficientes, sendo necessária a busca por novas formas de tratamento a fim de remover os poluentes e aumentar a eficiência dos processos de tratamento. Este trabalho visa contribuir para a minimização de problemas ambientais, promovendo a redução de parâmetros como cor, turbidez, demanda química de oxigênio, carbono orgânico de efluentes têxteis e toxicidade, utilizando Processos Oxidativos Avançados como uma das etapas do tratamento do efluente de uma das lavanderias da região do agreste pernambucano. Para tanto, examinou-se uma solução aquosa com concentração de 1000 mg.L-1 do corante vermelho drimaren CL-5B, amplamente utilizado pela lavanderia estudada, e um efluente real, coletado numa lavadeira de jeans de Caruaru. Como resultado, obteve-se degradação maior que 90% e redução de 73% da DQO para a solução do corante. Para o efluente real, obteve-se redução de 98% de turbidez, 80% de cor e 70% para DQO. Um estudo ecotoxicológico com sementes de alface foi realizado antes e depois do tratamento pelo processo foto-Fenton, sendo observada elevada redução da toxicidade após o processo oxidativo avançado utilizado, alcançando-se índices de germinação superiores a 80%, indicando redução na toxicidade. O trabalho resultou na sugestão de um sistema para tratamento efetivo do efluente de uma industria do agreste pernambucano. Para esse sistema, já foi protocolado um pedido de patente. / Textile industries are important in the economy of a country due to the generation of resources. They consume plenty of water and produce potentially polluting liquid effluents. Among the toxic substances discharged into receiving bodies, stand out the dyes. The supervision of such industries in the Local Productive Arrangement Pernambucano (APL) is precarious and the procedures applied in treatments are not totally efficient, requiring the development of new forms of treatment to remove pollutants and increase the efficiency of treatment processes. This work aims to contribute to minimizing environmental problems, promoting the reduction of parameters such as color, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, organic carbon total in textile effluents and toxicity from use Advanced Oxidation Processes as one of the stages of treatment of effluent from one textile industry. Were studied two systems: an effluent model – an aqueous solution containing red dye Drimaren CL-5B (1000 mg L-1), widely used by the studied laundry, and a real effluent, collected in Caruaru jeans laundress. As a result the assays indicated degradation more than 90% and 73% reduction at COD in the effluent model. For the real effluent, were obtained 98% reduction in turbidity, color and COD equals to 98%, 80% and 70%, respectively. Ecotoxicological studies with lettuce seeds were performed before and after treatment by photo-Fenton process, being observed high reduction of toxicity after advanced oxidation process used, reaching up germination rates of over 80%, indicating a reduction in toxicity. It was also idealized a system to effective treatment of industrial effluent. To this system were protocoled a register of patent.

L'électrocoagulation permet d'éliminer simultanément un large spectre de polluants organiques et minéraux, de colorants et de métaux lourds ; de ce fait, il a été beaucoup étudié. En revanche, peu de travaux ont été entrepris pour étudier de façon plus approfondie son fonctionnement. La complexité des effluents pour laquelle il est particulièrement intéressant d'utiliser ce procédé, fait aussi qu'il est difficile d'analyser les résultats. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'apporter une contribution à la compréhension du couplage électrocoagulation - décantation et des interactions liés à des effluents multi-polluants complexes. De plus l'aspect réacteur en continu a été abordé dans le cas d'un effluent synthétique simple pour mieux appréhender les différences par rapport au fonctionnement en discontinu. Cette étude est basée sur une approche systématique qui repose sur les processus élémentaires de l'électrocoagulation: Electrochimie, Coagulation et Séparation physique. Chaque processus fournit une base pour l'étude des interactions qui permettent ensuite la modélisation globale des processus. Afin d'étudier les couplages électrocoagulation-décantation, des effluents textiles industriels ont été traités par électrocoagulation suivie par une étape de décantation en éprouvette, sans agent floculant. L'effet des paramètres d'électrocoagulation sur la décantabilité des effluents traités et l'efficacité d'élimination de la pollution a été étudié en suivant en particulier la vitesse de décantation en éprouvette et en calculant le SVI. Le deuxième objectif de ce notre travail était d'étudier les couplages entre les différents types de pollution à éliminer et plus particulièrement un effluent de papeterie contenant des pollutions organiques et de l'arsenic. Enfin, nous avons réalisé une étude sur les performances du couplage EC-décantation pour le traitement d'un effluent synthétique textile en réacteur continu. Ce dernier est composé de deux éléments, la cellule électrochimique suivie d'une chambre de sédimentation / Electrocoagulation eliminates simultaneously a large spectrum of organic pollutants, dyes and heavy metals; therefore, it has been studied extensively. However, little work has been undertaken to investigate more thoroughly its behaviors. The complexity of the effluent for which it is particularly interesting to use this method also makes it difficult to analyze the results. This thesis aims to contribute to understanding the coupling electrocoagulation - settling and interactions associated with complex effluent multi-pollutants. Also a continuous reactor has been addressed in the case of a simple synthetic sewage to better understand the differences from the batch operation. This study is based on a systematic approach based on the elementary processes of electrocoagulation: Electrochemistry, coagulation and physical separation. Each process provides a basis for studying the interactions that then the overall modeling process. To study the electro-decantation couplings, industrial textile effluents were treated by electrocoagulation followed by a settling step, without flocculent. The effect of parameters on electrocoagulation settleability of treated effluent and removal efficiency of pollution has been studied in particular by following the settling velocity in the test tube and calculating the SVI. The second objective of this our work was to study the coupling between the different types of pollution and to eliminate a particular paper mill effluent containing organic pollutants and arsenic. Finally, we conducted a study on the performance of EC-coupling settling for the treatment of a synthetic textile effluent flow reactor. The latter is composed of two elements, the electrochemical cell followed by a settling chamber