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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A poluição dos corpos dágua proveniente dos efluentes têxteis provoca alterações em ciclos biológicos afetando principalmente a fotossíntese. Além disso, algumas classes de corantes podem ser carcinogênicos e/ou mutagênicos. Devido à dificuldade em se tratar estes efluentes, novas tecnologias têm sido investigadas. Neste contexto, a eletrofloculação surge com uma técnica promissora, devido à sua eficiência e possibilidade de reuso da água. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a aplicação do processo de eletrofloculação no tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria têxtil. O processo de eletrofloculação foi realizado em um reator de batelada utilizando eletrodos de ferro e alumínio. A influência dos seguintes parâmetros foi avaliada: natureza e distância do eletrodo, variação de pH, potencial elétrico aplicado e tempo de operação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o processo de eletrofloculação nas condições operacionais estudadas é uma alternativa tecnicamente viável para a remoção de DQO, cor e turbidez, a qual foi, respectivamente, de 87%, 95% e 100%. / The pollution of the stream waters through textille effluents causes alterations in biological cycles affecting the photosynthesis mainly. Moreover, some class of dyes can be carcinogenic and/or mutagenic. Due to difficulty in treating these effluents new technologies have been investigated. In the present work, electrofloculation appears to be a very promising technique, due to relatively high efficiency and possibility of water reuse. The present work emend has objective to study the application of electrofloculation in the treatment of effluents of a textile industry. The process was carried out in a batch reactor using electrodes either iron or aluminum. The influence of the following parameters was evaluated: nature and distance between electrodes, pH, electric potential applied and operation time. The results indicated that the process of electrofloculation in these operational conditions is a technical viable alternative for the removal of COD, color and turbidity, which were, respectively, of 87%, 95% and 100%.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A poluição dos corpos dágua proveniente dos efluentes têxteis provoca alterações em ciclos biológicos afetando principalmente a fotossíntese. Além disso, algumas classes de corantes podem ser carcinogênicos e/ou mutagênicos. Devido à dificuldade em se tratar estes efluentes, novas tecnologias têm sido investigadas. Neste contexto, a eletrofloculação surge com uma técnica promissora, devido à sua eficiência e possibilidade de reuso da água. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a aplicação do processo de eletrofloculação no tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria têxtil. O processo de eletrofloculação foi realizado em um reator de batelada utilizando eletrodos de ferro e alumínio. A influência dos seguintes parâmetros foi avaliada: natureza e distância do eletrodo, variação de pH, potencial elétrico aplicado e tempo de operação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o processo de eletrofloculação nas condições operacionais estudadas é uma alternativa tecnicamente viável para a remoção de DQO, cor e turbidez, a qual foi, respectivamente, de 87%, 95% e 100%. / The pollution of the stream waters through textille effluents causes alterations in biological cycles affecting the photosynthesis mainly. Moreover, some class of dyes can be carcinogenic and/or mutagenic. Due to difficulty in treating these effluents new technologies have been investigated. In the present work, electrofloculation appears to be a very promising technique, due to relatively high efficiency and possibility of water reuse. The present work emend has objective to study the application of electrofloculation in the treatment of effluents of a textile industry. The process was carried out in a batch reactor using electrodes either iron or aluminum. The influence of the following parameters was evaluated: nature and distance between electrodes, pH, electric potential applied and operation time. The results indicated that the process of electrofloculation in these operational conditions is a technical viable alternative for the removal of COD, color and turbidity, which were, respectively, of 87%, 95% and 100%.

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology Chemical Engineering In the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / Wet textile processing (WTP), is faced with many challenges that are related to operating costs and market competiveness. WTP uses large amounts of water and electricity, which constitute a big portion of operating costs of dyehouses and other costs are related to releasing large quantities of water, high concentrations of dyes and chemicals into the textile effluents with possible effluents discharge limits (EDL) penalty charges if EDL are exceeded. EDL penalty costs had become a normative part of the operating costs for some WTP textile factories, making the EDL penalties, a monthly cost item, because water utilities and the effluent discharge are not controlled and optimized. Cotton dyeing is a complicated chemi-physical-sorption process that is not easy to perform efficiently. Inefficient dyeing (off-shades and un-level dyeing) sometimes results in several reprocessing steps, leading to mega litres of water and chemical usage. Inefficient dyeing can also lead to higher concentrations of dyes and chemicals in the dyeing effluents. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the applicability of electrocoagulation (EC) in treatment of reactive dyes textile effluents for safe discharge into sewers or forreuse and also to evaluate EC reaction kinetics in removal of various pollutants from reactive dyes textile effluent with a batch electrocoagulation reactor (ECR). To achieve these objectives; textile effluents to be used had to be created instead of using factory effluents because textile effluents vary between dyeing batches and reaction kinetics study require constant and consistent composition of effluents. This was done by following the standard commercial sample cotton-dyeing procedures. The dyeing and pre-bleaching procedures were formulated from literature sources. The dyeing and pre-bleaching were done to create the reactive dyes textile effluents with commercial sample dyeing machines; Washtec-P and Pyrotec-MB2 at liquor ratios of 10:1 and 20:1.

A indústria têxtil é caracterizada por seu grande consumo de água e descarte de efluentes. Nesse trabalho foram mapeadas as oportunidades de reúso de água dentro da indústria têxtil de estudo. A partir desse mapeamento e dos requisitos de cada uso, foi proposto o reúso de água para lavagem de pisos e equipamentos; irrigação de jardim; preparo de banhos de tingimento e banho químico; preparo de goma; uso nas caixas de lavagem do processo de tingimento; torre de resfriamento; e descarga em vasos sanitários. O maior consumo de água ocorre no tingimento dos fios. Atualmente todo efluente gerado por esse processo é encaminhado para a Estação de Tratamento de Águas Residuárias (ETAR) e tratado por flotação por ar dissolvido (FAD). O efluente da ETAR não apresenta características que possibilitem o reúso, para isso foi estudado o uso de filtração sob pressão por membranas. Foram testadas cinco combinações diferentes de membrana envolvendo membranas de microfiltração (MF), ultrafiltração (UF) e nanofiltração (NF). A melhor configuração foi usando membrana de MF (0,05 μm) seguida de membrana de NF (200 Da) . A membrana de NF foi capaz de remover em média 68% de cálcio, 45% de condutividade, 35% da DBO bruta, 40% da DQO bruta, 62% de dureza, 48% de magnésio, 42% dos SDT, 74% de sulfato e 36% de turbidez. No entanto, o permeado não apresentou qualidade adequada para reúso direto nos processos de tigimento da indústria, pois apresentou uma elevada concentração de matéria orgância (DBO bruta 1.266 mg O2.L-1) e sais (condutividade: 8.000 μS cm-1), sendo recomendável estudos adicionais com incorporação de etapa de tratamento biológico anterior à filtração em membranas de osmose reversa, ou até mesmo de nanofiltração com eventual posterior diluição, para se avaliar a possibilidade de reúso direto no processo de tingimento. Por outro lado, a água obtida após a filtração em membrana de MF apresenta qualidade compatível com reúso para lavagens de pisos e equipamentos e descargas em vasos sanitários. / The textile industry is characterized by high consumption of water and the disposal of effluents. In this work, it was mapped the opportunities for water reuse in a tipical textile industry placed in São Carlos City, Brazil. Using the mapping and the requirements of each use, it was proposed the reuse of water to wash floors and equipment; garden irrigation; preparation of dyeing baths and chemical bath; preparation of sizing; use in the washing of the dyeing process; cooling tower; and discharged into toilets. The highest water consumption occurs in dyeing process. Currently all effluent generated by this process is sent to the Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the industry and treated by dissolved air flotation (DAF). The effluent of the WWTP does not have characteristics that make possible the reuse, for this it was studied the use of filtration under pressure by membranes. Five different membrane combinations involving microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested. The best configuration was using a MF membrane (0.05 μm) followed by NF membrane (200 Da). The NF membrane was able to remove on average 68% of calcium, 45% of conductivity, 35% of crude BOD, 40% of crude COD, 62% of hardness, 48% of magnesium, 42% of SDT, 74% of Sulfate and 36% turbidity, however, the permeate does not have sufficient quality for direct reuse in the dying process, because it presents a high concentration of organic matter (gross BOD 1,266 mg O2.L-1) and salts (conductivity: 8.000 μS cm-1), but it is recommended that additional studies incorporate a biological treatment step prior to filtration in reverse osmosis membranes, or even nanofiltration with eventual dilution, to evaluate the possibility of direct reuse in the dyeing process. On the other hand, the water obtained after MF membrane filtration presents quality compatible with reuse for floor washes and equipment and discharges in toilets.

A indústria têxtil é caracterizada por seu grande consumo de água e descarte de efluentes. Nesse trabalho foram mapeadas as oportunidades de reúso de água dentro da indústria têxtil de estudo. A partir desse mapeamento e dos requisitos de cada uso, foi proposto o reúso de água para lavagem de pisos e equipamentos; irrigação de jardim; preparo de banhos de tingimento e banho químico; preparo de goma; uso nas caixas de lavagem do processo de tingimento; torre de resfriamento; e descarga em vasos sanitários. O maior consumo de água ocorre no tingimento dos fios. Atualmente todo efluente gerado por esse processo é encaminhado para a Estação de Tratamento de Águas Residuárias (ETAR) e tratado por flotação por ar dissolvido (FAD). O efluente da ETAR não apresenta características que possibilitem o reúso, para isso foi estudado o uso de filtração sob pressão por membranas. Foram testadas cinco combinações diferentes de membrana envolvendo membranas de microfiltração (MF), ultrafiltração (UF) e nanofiltração (NF). A melhor configuração foi usando membrana de MF (0,05 μm) seguida de membrana de NF (200 Da) . A membrana de NF foi capaz de remover em média 68% de cálcio, 45% de condutividade, 35% da DBO bruta, 40% da DQO bruta, 62% de dureza, 48% de magnésio, 42% dos SDT, 74% de sulfato e 36% de turbidez. No entanto, o permeado não apresentou qualidade adequada para reúso direto nos processos de tigimento da indústria, pois apresentou uma elevada concentração de matéria orgância (DBO bruta 1.266 mg O2.L-1) e sais (condutividade: 8.000 μS cm-1), sendo recomendável estudos adicionais com incorporação de etapa de tratamento biológico anterior à filtração em membranas de osmose reversa, ou até mesmo de nanofiltração com eventual posterior diluição, para se avaliar a possibilidade de reúso direto no processo de tingimento. Por outro lado, a água obtida após a filtração em membrana de MF apresenta qualidade compatível com reúso para lavagens de pisos e equipamentos e descargas em vasos sanitários. / The textile industry is characterized by high consumption of water and the disposal of effluents. In this work, it was mapped the opportunities for water reuse in a tipical textile industry placed in São Carlos City, Brazil. Using the mapping and the requirements of each use, it was proposed the reuse of water to wash floors and equipment; garden irrigation; preparation of dyeing baths and chemical bath; preparation of sizing; use in the washing of the dyeing process; cooling tower; and discharged into toilets. The highest water consumption occurs in dyeing process. Currently all effluent generated by this process is sent to the Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the industry and treated by dissolved air flotation (DAF). The effluent of the WWTP does not have characteristics that make possible the reuse, for this it was studied the use of filtration under pressure by membranes. Five different membrane combinations involving microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested. The best configuration was using a MF membrane (0.05 μm) followed by NF membrane (200 Da). The NF membrane was able to remove on average 68% of calcium, 45% of conductivity, 35% of crude BOD, 40% of crude COD, 62% of hardness, 48% of magnesium, 42% of SDT, 74% of Sulfate and 36% turbidity, however, the permeate does not have sufficient quality for direct reuse in the dying process, because it presents a high concentration of organic matter (gross BOD 1,266 mg O2.L-1) and salts (conductivity: 8.000 μS cm-1), but it is recommended that additional studies incorporate a biological treatment step prior to filtration in reverse osmosis membranes, or even nanofiltration with eventual dilution, to evaluate the possibility of direct reuse in the dyeing process. On the other hand, the water obtained after MF membrane filtration presents quality compatible with reuse for floor washes and equipment and discharges in toilets.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2705810 bytes, checksum: eb7528a28bf11f243846ad12d09da42b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study investigated the treatment of an industrial textile effluent by combined physicochemical processes, coagulation/flocculation - activated carbon. Trials in Jar-Test using the same time for mixing and sedimentation, have improved organic matter and pollutants removal efficiency from the effluent for the coagulants (Al2(SO4)3 e FeCl3) employed. The treatment characterization for optimum concentration found was measured through the determination of SST, DBO, DQO, COT, nitrate, turbidity and surfactants content. For the parameters investigated, the percent removal in accordance with the best optimization trial were 85.6%, 88.9% and 96.2% for DQO, DBO and turbidity, respectively, using the coagulant FeCl3. For the adsorptive treatment of the pre-treated textile effluent, activated carbons were produced the endocarp of coconut (Coccus Nucifera), with chemical activated using Al2(SO4)3 and physical one using water vapor (steam). The ratio of activator:precursor effect on the activation were analyzed, as well as the carbonization temperature, retention time and type of activation on the textural properties of the activated carbons produced. The activated carbons were characterized by N2 adsorption to determine: SBET, SM, VP, VM, VMS and D. The CAQ232FQ carbon showed higher microporosity and SBET (1009 m2.g-1), and it was used in adsorption experiments. The CAQ232FQ carbon was also characterized by: MEV, Boehm, FTIR, TG, DTA, pH, pHPCZ and apparent density. Adsorption experiments with CAQ232FQ carbon were made for pre-treated textile effluent and synthetic sewage. The pH was not adjusted during the adsorption and the temperature was maintained at 26 ºC. The isotherms obtained for both effluents are better adapted to Freundlich model, however, adsorption processes for the pre-treated industrial effluent follows the kinetic model of pseudo-second order, differently to the synthetic industrial effluent which follows model of pseudo-first order. As a concluding remark, adsorption tests with CAQ232FQ carbon have proved to be effective for color removal, considering that the adsorption rate of the dye was higher than 97% in both effluents and the reduction rate of the analyzed parameters was higher than 99% for the industrial textile effluent. / O trabalho investigou o tratamento de um efluente têxtil industrial por processos físico-químicos combinados, coagulação/floculação carvão ativado. Ensaios em ―jar-test‖, utilizando o mesmo tempos de mistura e sedimentação, aperfeiçoaram e verificaram a eficiência de remoção de poluentes do efluente em relação aos coagulantes (Al2(SO4)3 e FeCl3) empregados, a caracterização do tratamento para a concentração ótima encontrada foi por meio das análises de SST, DBO, DQO, COT, nitrato, surfactantes e turbidez. Para os parâmetros investigados, o percentual de remoção de acordo com o melhor ensaio de otimização foram de 85,6%, 88,9% e 96,2% para DQO, DBO e turbidez, respectivamente, utilizando o coagulante FeCl3. Para o tratamento adsortivo do efluente têxtil pré-tratado foi produzindo carvões a partir do endocarpo de coco da baia (Coccus Nucifera) ativados quimicamente com Al2(SO4)3 e fisicamente com vapor d água. Analisou-se o efeito da proporção ativante/precursor, temperatura de carbonização, tempo de retenção e tipo de ativação sobre as propriedades texturais dos carvões produzidos. Os carvões foram caracterizados por adsorção de N2 para determinar: SBET, SM, VP, VM, VMS e D. O carvão CAQ232FQ apresentou maior microporosidade e SBET (1009 m2.g-1), sendo utilizado nos experimentos de adsorção. O carvão CAQ232FQ foi caracterizado também por: MEV, Boehm, FTIR, TG, DTA, pH, pHPCZ, e dens. aparente. Ensaios de adsorção com o carvão CAQ232FQ foram feitos para o efluente têxtil pré-tratado e para o efluente sintético. O pH não foi ajustado durante a adsorção e a temperatura foi mantida em 26oC. As isotermas obtidas para ambos os efluentes se ajustam melhor ao modelo de Freundlich, no entanto o processo de adsorção para o efluente industrial pré-tratado segue o modelo cinético de pseudo-segunda ordem, diferentemente do efluente industrial sintético que segue modelo de pseudo-primeira ordem. Em suma os ensaios de adsorção com o carvão CAQ232FQ se mostraram eficientes visto que a taxa de adsorção do corante foi superior a 97% para ambos os efluentes e a taxa de amenização dos parâmetros analisados foi superior a 99% para o efluente têxtil industrial.

In China, the textile industry is important for the economy. However, the industry contributes to emissions of organic material and other pollutants. This affects the environment and the quality of life for people and animals. All over the world, water scarcity is becoming an increasing problem, which is why the UN has water purification as one of the goals for sustainable development. To achieve these goals and the regulations in countries, wastewater is purified in water treatment plants before it is discharged. One of the methods that can be used to purify water is catalytic ozonation, an oxidation process in which ozone is used as an oxidant to break down organic material. Catalysts, usually metal oxides, are used to increase the selectivity and the reaction rate. However, this is a relatively unexplored area in water purification and several details within the process are unknown, such as optimal conditions for various catalysts and the exact reaction mechanism. In this work, catalytic ozonation treatment with the metal oxide MnOx-CeOx/γ-Al2O3 has been investigated. Firstly, a literature study was carried out to find earlier research in the field. Then experiments were conducted, varying four different factors and the impact these factors had on the catalytic ozonation was analyzed. The factors examined were contact time, ozone dosage, gas flow and amount of catalyst. All factors had three different levels. COD and UV254 were analyzed to find the conditions that gave the highest reduction of organic matter. The highest reduction of COD was 67 % which gave a COD concentration of 23 mg/L and UV254 90 %. Since the regulations on COD emissions in China are 30 mg/L, the catalytic ozonation gave a satisfying result. The result showed that the highest yield was achieved at the highest level for contact time (40 min), ozone dosage (0.3 mg/L) and amount of catalyst (100 % filled reactor), but the second highest for the gas flow (0.3 L/min). However, the contact time was calculated to be the only significant factor for reducing COD in water. The other factors did not have a significant effect on the reduction of COD or UV254. Furthermore, the conditions that were calculated to give the greatest reduction were used to analyse the reduction of impurities in the wastewater with three dimensional fluorescence. Three dimensional fluorescence showed that the wastewater contained organic compounds, mainly aromatic proteins, soluble microbial by-products and humic acids. All of these compounds were reduced during the catalytic ozonation with MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3. The residual amount of ozone was analyzed in effluent gas flow was measured with different incoming gas flows. The residual ozone after the ozone treatment was approximately 45 % of the ingoing gas flow. / I Kina är textilindustrin viktig för ekonomin. Dock bidrar industrin till utsläpp av organiskt material och andra föroreningar. Detta påverkar miljön och livskvalitén för människor och djur. Världen över börjar vattenbrist bli ett allt större problem, varför FN har med vattenrening som ett av målen för hållbar utveckling. För att nå dessa mål och de regleringar som gäller renas avloppsvatten i vattenreningsanläggningar innan det släpps ut. En av de metoder som kan användas för att rena vattnet är katalytisk ozonbehandling, vilket är en oxidationsprocess där ozon används som oxidationsmedel för att bryta ned organiskt material. För att öka selektiviteten och reaktionshastigheten används katalysatorer, vanligen metalloxider. Detta är dock ett relativt outforskat område inom vattenrening och flera detaljer inom processen är okända, såsom optimala betingelser och reaktionsmekanismen. I detta arbete har därför katalytisk ozonbehandling med metalloxiden MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3 undersökts. Först utfördes en litteraturstudie för att ta fram tidigare forskning inom området. Därefter utfördes experiment där fyra olika faktorers påverkan på den katalytiska ozonbehandlingen analyserades. De faktorer som undersöktes var uppehållstid, ozondosering, gasflöde och mängd katalysator. Samtliga faktorer hade tre olika nivåer. De faktorer som analyserades var COD och UV254 för att hitta de förhållanden som gav högst reduktion av organiskt material. Den högsta reduktionen av COD var 67 %, vilket gav en COD-koncentration på 23 mg/L och UV254 reducerades upp till 90 %. Eftersom gränsen på COD-utsläpp i Kina är 30 mg / L gav den katalytiska ozonbehandlingen ett tillfredsställande resultat. Det nivåer som gav bäst utbyte var de högsta för uppehållstiden (40 min), ozondoseringen (0.3 mg/L) och mängden katalysator (100 % fylld reaktor), men den näst högsta för gasflödet (0.3 L/min). Den enda faktorn som hade en signifikant påverkan på reduktionen av organiskt material var dock uppehållstiden. Övriga faktorer hade ingen signifikant påverkan på varken reduktionen av COD eller UV254. Vidare användes ändå de nivåer som beräknats ge störst reduktion av organiskt material för att analysera reduktionen av föroreningar i avloppsvattnet med tredimensionell fluorescens. Avloppsvattnet innehåller organiskt material som aromatiska proteiner, lösliga mikrobiella biprodukter och humussyror och dessa föroreningar reducerades vid katalytiska ozonbehandlingen med MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3. Dessutom analyserades resterande mängd ozon i utgående gasflöde vid olika storlek på ingående gasflöde. Resterande mängd ozon efter ozonbehandlingen var ungefär 45 % av ingående mängd.

L'électrocoagulation permet d'éliminer simultanément un large spectre de polluants organiques et minéraux, de colorants et de métaux lourds ; de ce fait, il a été beaucoup étudié. En revanche, peu de travaux ont été entrepris pour étudier de façon plus approfondie son fonctionnement. La complexité des effluents pour laquelle il est particulièrement intéressant d'utiliser ce procédé, fait aussi qu'il est difficile d'analyser les résultats. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'apporter une contribution à la compréhension du couplage électrocoagulation - décantation et des interactions liés à des effluents multi-polluants complexes. De plus l'aspect réacteur en continu a été abordé dans le cas d'un effluent synthétique simple pour mieux appréhender les différences par rapport au fonctionnement en discontinu. Cette étude est basée sur une approche systématique qui repose sur les processus élémentaires de l'électrocoagulation: Electrochimie, Coagulation et Séparation physique. Chaque processus fournit une base pour l'étude des interactions qui permettent ensuite la modélisation globale des processus. Afin d'étudier les couplages électrocoagulation-décantation, des effluents textiles industriels ont été traités par électrocoagulation suivie par une étape de décantation en éprouvette, sans agent floculant. L'effet des paramètres d'électrocoagulation sur la décantabilité des effluents traités et l'efficacité d'élimination de la pollution a été étudié en suivant en particulier la vitesse de décantation en éprouvette et en calculant le SVI. Le deuxième objectif de ce notre travail était d'étudier les couplages entre les différents types de pollution à éliminer et plus particulièrement un effluent de papeterie contenant des pollutions organiques et de l'arsenic. Enfin, nous avons réalisé une étude sur les performances du couplage EC-décantation pour le traitement d'un effluent synthétique textile en réacteur continu. Ce dernier est composé de deux éléments, la cellule électrochimique suivie d'une chambre de sédimentation / Electrocoagulation eliminates simultaneously a large spectrum of organic pollutants, dyes and heavy metals; therefore, it has been studied extensively. However, little work has been undertaken to investigate more thoroughly its behaviors. The complexity of the effluent for which it is particularly interesting to use this method also makes it difficult to analyze the results. This thesis aims to contribute to understanding the coupling electrocoagulation - settling and interactions associated with complex effluent multi-pollutants. Also a continuous reactor has been addressed in the case of a simple synthetic sewage to better understand the differences from the batch operation. This study is based on a systematic approach based on the elementary processes of electrocoagulation: Electrochemistry, coagulation and physical separation. Each process provides a basis for studying the interactions that then the overall modeling process. To study the electro-decantation couplings, industrial textile effluents were treated by electrocoagulation followed by a settling step, without flocculent. The effect of parameters on electrocoagulation settleability of treated effluent and removal efficiency of pollution has been studied in particular by following the settling velocity in the test tube and calculating the SVI. The second objective of this our work was to study the coupling between the different types of pollution and to eliminate a particular paper mill effluent containing organic pollutants and arsenic. Finally, we conducted a study on the performance of EC-coupling settling for the treatment of a synthetic textile effluent flow reactor. The latter is composed of two elements, the electrochemical cell followed by a settling chamber

Fungos basidiomicetos podem promover a descoloração de efluentes têxteis por meio de um complexo multienzimático inespecífico. Neste trabalho, a descoloração e a toxicidade de efluentes tratados por fungos (Peniophora cinerea, Pleuorotus ostreatus e Trametes villosa) imobilizados em bucha vegetal foram avaliadas em pequena escala e em biorreator. Em pequena escala, P. ostreatus foi o mais efetivo para o efluente azul e T. villosa foi o mais efetivo para o efluente amarelo, enquanto que ambos destacaram-se para o efluente vermelho. Substâncias presentes no banho de alvejamento interferiram no tratamento. Observou-se redução da toxicidade aguda e fitotoxicidade na maior parte dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos fúngicos não reduziram valores de DQO, COT, SST, turbidez e condutividade. O aumento de escala (biorreator de 5 L) mostrou-se eficiente quanto aos níveis de descoloração. A reutilização da biomassa fúngica garantiu bons níveis de descoloração, porém com aumento da toxicidade. O tratamento foi satisfatório por promover a redução da cor e toxicidade. / Basidiomycete fungi can promote the decolorization of textile effluents using a nonspecific multienzyme complex. In this study, the decolorization and toxicity of effluents treated by fungi (Peniophora cinerea, Pleuorotus ostreatus and Trametes villosa) immobilized in Luffa cylindrica were evaluated in a small scale and in bioreactor. In the small scale, P. ostreatus was the most effective for the blue effluent and T. villosa was the most effective for the yellow effluent, while both stood out for the red effluent. Substances in the bleaching bath interfered with the treatment. It was observed a reduction in the acute toxicity and phytotoxicity in most treatments. The fungal treatment did not reduce the values of COD, TOC, TSS, turbidity and conductivity. The increased scale (5L bioreactor) proved to be efficient in reducing the degree of decolorization. The reuse of fungal biomass attained a good level of decolorization but increased the toxicity. The treatment was satisfactory in promoting the reduction of color and toxicity.