The energetic by-products are a part of energetic wastes which are residues of fuels combustion or also the residues of flue-gas cleaning. Their following use could impact the terrestrial and subsequently also aquatic ecosystems. For these reasons it is necessary to evaluate with their possible ecotoxicity. In this diploma work the samples of energy products were subjected to ecotoxicological testing via contact phytotoxicity tests on Embryophyta. Water leaches of these samples were tested in order of comparison of the two testing methods. To test the water leaches of energy by-products the root growth inhibition test of five selected plant species were used; white mustard (Sinapis alba), kohlrabi oilseed rape (Brassica napus), turnip kohlrabi rape (Brassica rapa), garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and oats (Avena sativa). For the evaluation of ecotoxicity in contact arrangement the following phytotoxicity tests were selected: germination and growth of higher plants, brassica oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and oats (Avena sativa). Furthermore, the limit concentrations of waste at the plant Brassica napus were tested and screening tests poppy germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were performed. On the basis of obtained results ecotoxicity of energetic by-product was assessed and needs of solid matrices testing in contact arrangement discussed.

In the case of fires frequently wide range of inhomogeneous material is burnt. A lot of combustion products arise during this event, which may adversely affect the environment. Most often detected compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and also organic compounds, which show adverse effects for organism. It is possible to identify and quantify most of them by chemical analysis, but their impact on the ecosystem is not predictable on the basis of these results. An effective tool to predict the impact of combustion products on the ecosystem are ecotoxicity tests. In this thesis, the water leachates of samples from fire places were prepared and subjected to ecotoxicological tests. Two alternative test of ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms were used: the first on the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus (ThamnotoxkitFTM) and the second on the organism Daphnia magna (DaphtoxkitFTM). Another testing aquatic organism was Artemia salina. Ecotoxicity was also tested using a standard phytotoxicity tests; white mustard (Sinapis alba) and white onion (Allium cepa) root growth inhibition tests and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) growth inhibition test. On the basis of obtained ecotoxicological values LC (EC, IC)50 the impact of matrices from fire places on the ecosystem was evaulated.

Products of daily use, which are mainly cosmetics and personal care products could significantly affect the environment. Recently, in terms of environmental protection, organic compounds responsible for the pleasant smell of these products - synthetic fragrances or musk compounds - are often mentioned. This diploma thesis aims to assess the ecotoxicity of several new substances from the group linear (alicyclic) musk compounds. From this group following fragrance ingrediens were tested: lilial, linalool, arocete and aroflorone. Since the majority of their residues enter the aquatic ecosystem, aquatic freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus and aquatic plant Lemna minor were selected as test organisms. Individual ecotoxicity of above mentioned substances was evaluated as well as toxicity of binary mixture of arofloron and linalool on organisms Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. Based on the test results the ecotoxicological values LC50, EC50 and IC50 for the tested substances were evaluated and their ecotoxicity was compared. Lilial showed the highest ecotoxicity. Value of 24h EC50 for organism Daphnia magna was 2.13 mg/l and value of 24h LC50 for the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus was 10.86 mg/l.

Polymers or their modifiers may become parts of a wide range of products. After the end of life cycle useful parts of the products are recycled but significant parts still become household waste. It´s therefore desirable not only by law on chemicals and chemical products, but also according to the requirements of European directive REACH, to assess the impact not only chemical but also the additives of all products or products themselves in terms of their impact on the environment. For these purposes it serves ecotoxicity tests, which allow prediction of the influence test compounds in the environment. In this diploma thesis were evaluated polypropylene modifiers, which are commercially produced. Use of ecotoxicity tests were evaluated maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride effects on the environment. Alternative tests have been used for toxicity and namely Thamnotoxkit FTM the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnotokit FTM the organism Daphnia magna. The phytotoxicity test groups were selected toxicity tests: Sinapis alba root growth inhibition toxicity test, Allium cepa L root growth inhibition toxicity test and Semi-chronic toxicity test on Lemna minor L. From marine toxicity tests was performed Acute inhibition test of brine shrimps Artemia salina.

This diploma thesis evaluates the influence of contaminated matrices introduced into the ecosystem in terms of ecotoxicity. It is focused mainly on matrix generated by anthropogenic activities, especially waste of various origin - industrial, energetical, biodegradable and more. For experimental purposes sewage sludge as the bulk waste with the ever-increasing production was selected. Sewage sludge was tested at its most common use - application on the agricultural land. This application is limited by legislative through the concentration limits of hazardous elements. For this reason, the potential ecotoxicity of sludge was evaluated. Ecotoxicological evaluation was performed using the contact bioassays. As the test organisms Eisenia foetida, Folsomia candida, Heterocypris incongruens a plant Lactuca sativa were selected. Sludge from wastewater treatment plants Brno - Modřice, Valtice, Mikulov and Lednice was tested. Samples of sewage sludge showed no ecotoxicity, while respecting the application amount established by the regulation. On the contrary, it can be concluded that soils enriched by sewage sludge show positive effect on soil biota.

Recently, an increasing problem in wastewater treatment is the insufficient removal of organic pollutants. These substances can be toxic to the environment already in a small amount, either acutely or chronically. The goal is therefore to develop of technologies that ensure their effective removal. One possibility is to use advanced oxidation processes. Advanced oxidation processes work on the principle of non-selective oxidation mediated by OH radicals. Several methods such as O3/H2O2 (Peroxone), UV/H2O2 or Fenton´s reaction can be used to generate them. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of the used advanced oxidation processes in wastewater treatment via ekotoxicity tests. Wastewater samples treated with advanced oxidation processes on the pilot unit showed low values of acute toxicity for selected test organisms (D. magna, T. platyurus, S. alba, L. minor). For the sample of waste water that was treated with the UV/H2O2 on AOP laboratory unit, there was an increase in acute toxicity on the testing organism D. magna and L. minor. The similar effect was observer in the tests with the D. magna with the model samples treated with the same method, while the tests on the L. minor showed a reduction in toxicity.