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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Pokročilé techniky vytváření mikro a nanosystémů pro senzoriku / Advanced techniques of micro- and nanosystems fabrication for sensors

Márik, Marian January 2013 (has links)
The use of micro- and nanotechnologies is necessary in the development of advanced sensor systems. In this thesis few selected technologies were studied and tested on fabrication of creating two different systems for bioelectrical and electrochemical applications. For biolelectrical applications a chip with a pair of gold nanoelectrodes was designed and implemented. For electrochemical analysis a novel two electrode system was designed and realized, which should contribute by greater sensitivity and accuracy in amperometric detection compared with three-electrode systems in voltammetric analysis. The fabricated systems were tested and the results were discussed.
2

Desenvolvimento de metodologia eletroanalítica para a determinação do herbicida glifosato / Development of electroanalytic methodology for determination of the herbicide glyphosate

Coutinho, Cláudia Flávia Breda 22 August 2008 (has links)
Neste trabalho, são abordados os estudos relativos a interação entre Cu(II) e glifosato e também o desenvolvimento de metodologias eletroanalíticas para determinação do herbicida glifosato. Inicialmente, o complexo Cu(II)-glifosato foi estudo por meio de técnicas espectrofotométricas e eletroanalíticas (voltametria de onda quadrada) e encontrou-se os valores de comprimento de onda máximo do complexo (231 e 731 nm) e também o valor da constante de estabilidade condicional do complexo 1:1 Cu(II)-glifosato (log K = 7,9). O estudo inicial da interação entre glifosato e o microeletrodo de cobre, em meio de tampão fosfato, mostrou que o herbicida dissolve a camada de óxidos, aumentando a corrente anódica do microeletrodo, levando a formação de um complexo solúvel entre Cu(II) e glifosato. Esta interação foi estuda por meio de técnicas voltamétricas, curvas de polarização, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, voltametria hidrodinâmica, entre outras. Estes estudos complementares forneceram dados importantes sobre o processo de dissolução causado pelo glifosato, tais como, potencial de corrosão, densidade de corrente de corrosão e inclinação de Tafel, valores de resistência de transferência de carga e constante aparente de transferência eletrônica, coeficiente de difusão do complexo e constante de velocidade aparente da reação, além de imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de microscopia de força atômica do processo de corrosão do cobre. Após estudar este processo de dissolução, esta reação foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de análise de glifosato utilizando detecção coulométrica com (micro)eletodo de cobre aliada a cromatografia líquida. A instrumentação (software, célula eletroquímica e minipotenciostato) desenvolvida neste trabalho foi utilizada com sucesso na determinação de glifosato em amostras de alimentos e água. As metodologias de análise de glifosato utilizando detecção coulométrica com (micro)eletrodo de cobre aliada a cromatografia liquida, apresentaram limites de detecção adequados para a análise deste herbicida em diversas matrizes (100 µg L-1 para sucos de frutas, 32 µg L-1 e 1,9 µg L-1 para amostras de água e 53 µg Kg-1 para amostras de soja). A detecção coulométrica com micro(eletrodo) de cobre apresentou algumas vantagens sobre a detecção com métodos ópticos, tais como, análise direta e rápida, ou seja, não são necessárias demoradas reações de derivatização da amostra; sem etapas de extração/limpeza da amostra; pré-concentração optativa; baixo custo das análises, quando comparado aos preços dos reagentes de derivatização e instrumentação simples e de baixo custo. / In this work, the interaction between Cu(II) and glyphosate was investigated and electroanalytical methodologies was developed for determination of this herbicide. Initially, the Cu(II)-glyphosate complex was studied through spectrophotometric and electroanalytical techniques (square wave voltammetry) and it was found the values of maximum wavelength of the complex (231 and 731 nm) and also the value for the constant of conditional stability of the 1:1 Cu(II)-glyphosate complex (log K = 7,9). The initial study of the interaction between glyphosate and the copper microelectrode, in phosphate buffer, showed that the herbicide dissolves the layers of oxides, increasing the anodic current of the microelectrode, taking the formation of a soluble complex between Cu(II) and glyphosate. This interaction was studies through cyclic voltammetry, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance espectroscopy, hydrodynamic voltammetry, among others. These complemental studies supplied important data about the electrode dissolution process caused by glyphosate, such as, corrosion potential, density of corrosion current and Tafel slope, resistance of heterogeneous charge-transfer reaction, diffusion coefficient of the complex and apparent rate constant of reaction, besides images of scanning electron microscopy and of atomic force microscopy of the corrosion process for metallic copper. After studying the copper dissolution process, this reaction was used for the development of a new methodology for glyphosate analysis using coulometric detection with copper microelectrode allied to the liquid chromatography The instrumentation (software, electrochemical cell and a minipotentiostat) developed in this work was used with success in the determination of glyphosate in samples of foods and water. The methodologies of glyphosate analysis using coulometric iv detection with copper microelectrode allied to the liquid chromatography, presented appropriate detection limits for the analysis of this herbicide in several matrixes (100 µg L-1 for fruit juices, 32 µg L-1 and 1,9 µg L-1 for water samples and 53 µg Kg-1 for soy samples). The coulometric detection with copper microelectrode presented some advantages when compared with the detection with optical methods, such as, direct and fast analysis, in other words, it is not necessary derivatization reaction of the sample; without extraction/clean-up step of the sample; the sample pre-concentration is optional; low cost of the analyses, when compared to the prices of the derivatization reagents and simple and low cost instrumentation.
3

Desenvolvimento de metodologia eletroanalítica para a determinação do herbicida glifosato / Development of electroanalytic methodology for determination of the herbicide glyphosate

Cláudia Flávia Breda Coutinho 22 August 2008 (has links)
Neste trabalho, são abordados os estudos relativos a interação entre Cu(II) e glifosato e também o desenvolvimento de metodologias eletroanalíticas para determinação do herbicida glifosato. Inicialmente, o complexo Cu(II)-glifosato foi estudo por meio de técnicas espectrofotométricas e eletroanalíticas (voltametria de onda quadrada) e encontrou-se os valores de comprimento de onda máximo do complexo (231 e 731 nm) e também o valor da constante de estabilidade condicional do complexo 1:1 Cu(II)-glifosato (log K = 7,9). O estudo inicial da interação entre glifosato e o microeletrodo de cobre, em meio de tampão fosfato, mostrou que o herbicida dissolve a camada de óxidos, aumentando a corrente anódica do microeletrodo, levando a formação de um complexo solúvel entre Cu(II) e glifosato. Esta interação foi estuda por meio de técnicas voltamétricas, curvas de polarização, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, voltametria hidrodinâmica, entre outras. Estes estudos complementares forneceram dados importantes sobre o processo de dissolução causado pelo glifosato, tais como, potencial de corrosão, densidade de corrente de corrosão e inclinação de Tafel, valores de resistência de transferência de carga e constante aparente de transferência eletrônica, coeficiente de difusão do complexo e constante de velocidade aparente da reação, além de imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de microscopia de força atômica do processo de corrosão do cobre. Após estudar este processo de dissolução, esta reação foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de análise de glifosato utilizando detecção coulométrica com (micro)eletodo de cobre aliada a cromatografia líquida. A instrumentação (software, célula eletroquímica e minipotenciostato) desenvolvida neste trabalho foi utilizada com sucesso na determinação de glifosato em amostras de alimentos e água. As metodologias de análise de glifosato utilizando detecção coulométrica com (micro)eletrodo de cobre aliada a cromatografia liquida, apresentaram limites de detecção adequados para a análise deste herbicida em diversas matrizes (100 µg L-1 para sucos de frutas, 32 µg L-1 e 1,9 µg L-1 para amostras de água e 53 µg Kg-1 para amostras de soja). A detecção coulométrica com micro(eletrodo) de cobre apresentou algumas vantagens sobre a detecção com métodos ópticos, tais como, análise direta e rápida, ou seja, não são necessárias demoradas reações de derivatização da amostra; sem etapas de extração/limpeza da amostra; pré-concentração optativa; baixo custo das análises, quando comparado aos preços dos reagentes de derivatização e instrumentação simples e de baixo custo. / In this work, the interaction between Cu(II) and glyphosate was investigated and electroanalytical methodologies was developed for determination of this herbicide. Initially, the Cu(II)-glyphosate complex was studied through spectrophotometric and electroanalytical techniques (square wave voltammetry) and it was found the values of maximum wavelength of the complex (231 and 731 nm) and also the value for the constant of conditional stability of the 1:1 Cu(II)-glyphosate complex (log K = 7,9). The initial study of the interaction between glyphosate and the copper microelectrode, in phosphate buffer, showed that the herbicide dissolves the layers of oxides, increasing the anodic current of the microelectrode, taking the formation of a soluble complex between Cu(II) and glyphosate. This interaction was studies through cyclic voltammetry, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance espectroscopy, hydrodynamic voltammetry, among others. These complemental studies supplied important data about the electrode dissolution process caused by glyphosate, such as, corrosion potential, density of corrosion current and Tafel slope, resistance of heterogeneous charge-transfer reaction, diffusion coefficient of the complex and apparent rate constant of reaction, besides images of scanning electron microscopy and of atomic force microscopy of the corrosion process for metallic copper. After studying the copper dissolution process, this reaction was used for the development of a new methodology for glyphosate analysis using coulometric detection with copper microelectrode allied to the liquid chromatography The instrumentation (software, electrochemical cell and a minipotentiostat) developed in this work was used with success in the determination of glyphosate in samples of foods and water. The methodologies of glyphosate analysis using coulometric iv detection with copper microelectrode allied to the liquid chromatography, presented appropriate detection limits for the analysis of this herbicide in several matrixes (100 µg L-1 for fruit juices, 32 µg L-1 and 1,9 µg L-1 for water samples and 53 µg Kg-1 for soy samples). The coulometric detection with copper microelectrode presented some advantages when compared with the detection with optical methods, such as, direct and fast analysis, in other words, it is not necessary derivatization reaction of the sample; without extraction/clean-up step of the sample; the sample pre-concentration is optional; low cost of the analyses, when compared to the prices of the derivatization reagents and simple and low cost instrumentation.
4

Detekce přítomnosti olova v pájkách používaných v elektrotechnice / The lead detection in solders

Macháň, Ladislav January 2008 (has links)
This work deals with issues of lead detection in solder irons used in electrotechnics. The general aim is to study principles of quantitative heavy metal detection by the electrochemical methods, optimal method selection and construction of detecting instrument.
5

<b>A miniaturized potentiostat for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</b>

Kevin Alessandro Bautista (18415374) 20 April 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Portable sensing enables an enhanced form of disease monitoring due to its accessible form-factors, low costs, and insights into user health, along with enhanced detection methods due to its many use cases for at-home or in-field applications. To that end, electrochemistry has been a widely used technique in characterization, detection, and diagnostics. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical technique that enables electrode surface characterization through changes in impedance across a given frequency range making it sensitive to interactions at the electrode surface and enabling the detection and quantification of analytes. While EIS has been traditionally limited to benchtop potentiostats, advancements in integrated circuits (ICs) have since enabled the miniaturization of potentiostats for at-home or field applications. However, implementation of EIS in a portable format is still limited by discontinuous measurements, high cost, or designs not fit for portability. This work revolves around the development of a miniaturized potentiostat that can implement EIS to better accommodate the need for miniaturized sensing platforms. My design uses the AD5941 IC which is a single-chip potentiostat analog-front-end enabling a small form-factor that fits in the palm of the user’s hand. The device was able to characterize a resistor-capacitor circuit with errors as low as 0.33% and quantify the concentration of a redox active compound with a 6.2% error, providing agreeable results with a commercial benchtop potentiostat and demonstrating our device’s potential for diagnostic applications. Our working frequency range of 200 kHz – 0.15 Hz, coupled with high system configurability and a cost of $50 makes our device an accessible option for at-home and portable applications. Future work to implement truly wireless functionalities, such as WiFi or Bluetooth Low Energy, along with experimental testing of biological substances will create a truly robust platform for portable diagnostic and sensing applications.</p>

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