Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s'inscrivent dans la thématique de la récupération d'énergie hyperfréquence, appliquée à la réalisation d'un circuit électronique imprimé sur papier permettant l'alimentation d'afficheurs électrochrome, ceci dans le cadre de la lutte contre la fraude. Cette étude porte plus particulièrement sur la conception, l'optimisation et la réalisation de rectennas (rectifying antennas) imprimées sur support cellulosique et réalisées avec des méthodes d'impression industrielles.La caractérisation des matériaux diélectriques (support papier) et conducteurs a été développée. L'association de la technique des lignes de transmission et de la cavité résonante a permis la caractérisation d'un substrat souple et non cuivré sur une bande de 500 MHz à 3 GHz. Le papier présente des pertes diélectriques contraignantes pour la conception de circuits en hautes fréquences. Un choix judicieux du substrat et une conception optimisée du circuit ont permis de réaliser des circuits de conversion d'énergie sur papier à l'état de l'art international.Deux rectennas compactes ont été développée, en technologie micro-ruban, optimisées et imprimées avec la méthode flexographie utilisant une unique couche d'encre conductrice. Elle fonctionne à 2.45 GHz et elles ne contiennent pas de vias de retour à la masse ni de filtre côté HF, ni de filtre côté DC. La première a été imprimée sur papier carton ondulé. Les tensions de sortie aux bornes de l'afficheur atteignent les 0.5 V pour des niveaux de puissance à l'entrée de la rectenna de l'ordre de -10 dBm. La deuxième rectenna a été imprimée sur support plastique flexible ayant 100 µm d'épaisseur afin de réaliser des rectennas 3D. Une tension DC de 1 V a été mesurée aux bornes de l'afficheur lorsqu'on approche un Smartphone fonctionnant en mode Wi-Fi. Les rectennas réalisées sont adaptées à la fois pour le champ proche et lointain. / The work presented in this thesis is part of microwave energy harvesting theme, applied to supply electrochromic displays for anti-counterfeiting applications. This study focuses on the design, optimization and implementation of rectennas (rectifying antennas) printed on cellulosic substrates with industrial printing techniques.Characterization of dielectric materials (paper) and conductors has been developed. The combination between the transmission line technique and the resonant cavity allowed the characterization of a flexible and copper free substrate over a wideband (500 MHz to 3 GHz). Dielectric losses of paper are too high to perform HF circuits. A wise choice of the substrate and of the optimization technique for circuit design enables performant rectennas.Two compact rectennas were developed in microstrip technology at 2.45 GHz, optimized and printed with flexography method using a single layer of conductive ink. The rectennas do not contain vias or HF side filter or DC side filter. The first rectenna was printed on corrugated paper. The output DC voltage across the display reaches 0.5 V for a power level at the input of the rectenna of -10 dBm. The second rectenna is a 3D rectenna, printed on flexible 100 µm thick plastic substrate. A DC voltage of 1 V was measured across the display when getting near a Smartphone on Wi-Fi mode. The rectennas are suitable for both near field and far field.

<p>At Acreo AB located in Norrköping, Sweden, research and development in the field of organic electronics have been conducted since 1998. Several electronic devices and systems have been realized. In late 2003 a commercial printing press was installed to test large scale production of these devices. Prior to the summer of 2005 the project made significant progress. As a step towards industrialisation, the variability and yield of the printing process needed to bee studied. A decision to implement Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Design of Experiments (DOE) to evaluate and improve the process was taken.</p><p>SPC has been implemented on the EC-patterning step in the process. A total of 26 Samples were taken during the period October-December 2005. An - and s-chart were constructed from these samples. The charts clearly show that the process is not in statistical control. Investigations of what causes the variation in the process have been performed. The following root causes to variation has been found: </p><p>PEDOT:PSS-substrate sheet resistance and poorly cleaned screen printing drums. </p><p>After removing points affected by root causes, the process is still not in control. Further investigations are needed to get the process in control. Examples of where to go next is presented in the report. In the DOE part a four factor full factorial experiment was performed. The goal with the experiment was to find how different factors affects switch time and life length of an electrochromic display. The four factors investigated were: Electrolyte, Additive, Web speed and Encapsulation. All statistical analysis was performed using Minitab 14. The analysis of measurements from one day and seven days after printing showed that:</p><p>- Changing Electrolyte from E230 to E235 has small effect on the switch time</p><p>- Adding additives Add1 and Add2 decreases the switch time after 1 and 7 days</p><p>- Increasing web speed decreases the switch time after 1 and 7 days </p><p>- Encapsulation before UV-step decreases the switch time after 7 days</p>

At Acreo AB located in Norrköping, Sweden, research and development in the field of organic electronics have been conducted since 1998. Several electronic devices and systems have been realized. In late 2003 a commercial printing press was installed to test large scale production of these devices. Prior to the summer of 2005 the project made significant progress. As a step towards industrialisation, the variability and yield of the printing process needed to bee studied. A decision to implement Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Design of Experiments (DOE) to evaluate and improve the process was taken. SPC has been implemented on the EC-patterning step in the process. A total of 26 Samples were taken during the period October-December 2005. An - and s-chart were constructed from these samples. The charts clearly show that the process is not in statistical control. Investigations of what causes the variation in the process have been performed. The following root causes to variation has been found: PEDOT:PSS-substrate sheet resistance and poorly cleaned screen printing drums. After removing points affected by root causes, the process is still not in control. Further investigations are needed to get the process in control. Examples of where to go next is presented in the report. In the DOE part a four factor full factorial experiment was performed. The goal with the experiment was to find how different factors affects switch time and life length of an electrochromic display. The four factors investigated were: Electrolyte, Additive, Web speed and Encapsulation. All statistical analysis was performed using Minitab 14. The analysis of measurements from one day and seven days after printing showed that: - Changing Electrolyte from E230 to E235 has small effect on the switch time - Adding additives Add1 and Add2 decreases the switch time after 1 and 7 days - Increasing web speed decreases the switch time after 1 and 7 days - Encapsulation before UV-step decreases the switch time after 7 days