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Les sites de fixation des facteurs de transcription ou éléments régulateurs sont impliqués dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes. Une meilleure connaissance de l'architecture des promoteurs est aujourd'hui accessible via l’annotation des génomes et les données transcriptomiques. Certains éléments régulateurs sont conservés à une position préférentielle dans les promoteurs. Chez A. thaliana, nous avons mis au point une approche pour caractériser de tels motifs. Ce travail a permis de proposer une cartographie des promoteurs en identifiant 5105 motifs caractérisés par une sur-représentation locale dans les promoteurs proximaux. L’étude du promoteur central où est observée la boîte TATA, élément régulateur conservé entre eucaryotes, a été approfondie. Une liste de 15 variants fonctionnels de la boîte TATA a été identifiée, ainsi qu’une nouvelle classe d’éléments régulateurs qui sont caractérisés par des mêmes contraintes topologiques que la boîte TATA : les motifs-TC. Ils sont conservés chez A. thaliana et O. sativa, mais absents chez les mammifères. Les 18% de gènes d’A. thaliana contenant un motif-TC ont tendance à être exprimés dans des conditions expérimentales spécifiques. Ces éléments pourraient participer à la régulation de l’expression des gènes. L’étude de l’élément initiateur YR chez A. thaliana a mis en évidence une extension de ces 4 dinucléotides dans l’UTR 5’. Des associations entre ces éléments régulateurs peuvent montrer une collaboration fonctionnelle. La recherche de caractéristiques fonctionnelles communes aux gènes possédant une même organisation d'éléments régulateurs pourra permettre de contribuer à l’annotation fonctionnelle de ces éléments. / Transcription factor binding sites are regulatory elements involved in gene expression regulation. The knowledge of promoter architecture is now possible due to genome annotation and transcriptomic data. Some regulatory elements are conserved at a precise location in promoters. We developed an approach to characterize such motifs in A. thaliana. This work led to the promoter cartography by the identification of 5105 over-represented motifs in proximal promoters. The TATA-box is a regulatory element conserved within eukaryotes. The core-promoter where this element is expected has been thoroughly analysed. We identified a list of 15 functional variants of the TATA-box and a new class of regulatory elements that shares the TATA-box topological constraints: the TC-motifs. They are conserved in both A. thaliana and O. sativa and have not been observed in mammalian genomes. The A. thaliana genes containing a TC-motif are 18%. They are mainly expressed in specific experimental conditions. The TC-motifs might be involved in gene expression regulation. We observed that the 4 dinucleotides of the initiator element YR in A. thaliana are extended in 5’ UTR. Associations between these regulatory elements may highlight a functional collaboration. The study of the functional characteristics of genes with a same regulatory elements organization might help in these elements functional annotation.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Due to the constraint of high costs and limitations of load conditions, experimental testing is not appropriate for the static study of shelter structures. Comparatively, an effective computational modeling and numerical solution demonstrates significant advantages for understanding the response of steel shelter structures. This study gives an insight into the structural integrity of the prototype shelter structure which is examined using computer simulation of the shelter structure on Abaqus/CAE 2019. The results of the computer modelling demonstrate the response of shelter structure under ten different loading conditions as per ISO 1496:2013 (E). The loading conditions are applied to various components of the shelter structure and corresponding deflection are observed.

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Three aspects in determining the first natural frequency of steel joist supported floors were studied. The aspects are: 1) determining which finite element model best predict the behavior of joist-slab tee-beams, 2) investigating the ability of proposed equations to calculate the effective moment of inertia of joist-slab tee-beams, and 3) developing a finite element model to predict the first natural frequency of steel joist supported floors. Several finite element models were tested to determine which one best predicted the experimental results of six joist-slab setups. The model which best predicted the experimental results was used. Next, a study was done to determine the ability of a proposed equation to predict the effective moment of inertia of joist-slab tee-beams. The study modeled and analyzed 130 joist-slab configurations and compared the results to those calculated using the proposed equations. Finally, a finite element modeling technique was developed to predict the first natural frequency of steel joist supported floors. Seven in-situ floors were experimentally tested, and those results were compared to the predicted values given by the models. / Master of Science

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) are a multifunctional nano-material that allows for MRI imaging, intravenous-controlled drug movement, and hyperthermia. The objective of this study is to optimize and control IONP hyperthermia and cope with aggregation using Finite Element (FE) Modeling and statistical physics. The FE model is first used to demonstrate the advantages of changing IONP heat dissipation in time, which can increase energy density inside tumors while decreasing the energy delivered in healthy tissue. Here, this is defined as target-specificity. Second, this model is used to demonstrate that time-dependent IONP heat dissipation allows for control of temperature distributions inside the body. Third, the FE model is used to solve the temperature distributions resulting from capillary diffusion of IONPs. This study shows that capillary diffusion combined with direct injection results in improved homogeneity of temperature distributions. Fourth, using a square-difference scheme, non-time domain parameters including the number of IONP injections, the location of injections, IONP distribution width, and heating intensity are optimized to improve target-specificity and temperature homogeneity. Collectively, this study contributes to hyperthermia by optimizing time- and non-time- domain parameters, controlling hyperthermia, and quantifying aggregation with a new theory. / Master of Science

We are able to define architectural members specifically, and create identity of members within a hierarchy. Through appropriate placement with respect to their character and hierarchy, relationships are created that strengthen the individual's traits. This reinforcement creates an effect beyond what the individual elements are able to project toward one another, and influences our participation in their relationships. If we question how element identity, placement and alignment work together to create prepositional relationships, and consciously define members within a physical hierarchy, then we are able to strengthen identity of individual members, and ultimately create a more meaningful and considerate environment. / Master of Architecture