A Toy Model of an artificial chemistry that treats molecules as graphs was implemented based on a simple Extended Hückel Theory method. Here we describe an extension of the model that models chemical reactions as the result of “collisions”. In order to avoid a possible bias arising from prescribed generic reaction mechanisms, the reactions are simulated in a way that treats the formation and breakage of individual chemical bonds as elementary operations.

Lors d’une rentrée atmosphérique, les boucliers thermiques des véhicules spatiaux subissent un échauffement considérable dont une fraction significative (~30%) est attribuée aux réactions chimiques à leur surface. Cette thèse contribue à la compréhension de cette réactivité hétérogène, la catalycité, au moyen des outils de la chimie théorique. Une méthode de construction de surface d’énergie potentielle globale est développée et appliquée à l’étude de la dynamique de processus élémentaires (adsorption moléculaire dissociative, absorption atomique, recombinaison Eley-Rideal …) pour les systèmes chimiques N,N2/W(100,110) et O,O2/Cu(100). Ces approches sont ensuite couplées à un modèle cinétique permettant de quantifier la catalycité. / During an atmospheric re-entry, the thermal shields of spacecrafts undergo an important heating, a significant fraction (~30%) of which is due to the chemical reactions at their surface. This thesis is a contribution to the understanding of this heterogeneous reactivity, catalycity, with the tools of theoretical chemistry. A method to build a global potential energy surface is developed and applied to the study of elementary processes dynamics (dissociative molecular adsorption, atomic absorption, Eley-Rideal recombination …) for the N,N2/W(100,110) and O,O2/Cu(100) chemical systems. These approaches are then coupled with a kinetic model quantifying catalycity.

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