Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-06, Section: B, page.

Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-09-20T18:32:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseCitogeneticaMorcegos.pdf: 2267189 bytes, checksum: 170b09d0e099f5761f466fa972ff382f (MD5) / Rejected by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br), reason: on 2017-10-10T17:00:12Z (GMT) / Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-17T18:12:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseCitogeneticaMorcegos.pdf: 2267189 bytes, checksum: 170b09d0e099f5761f466fa972ff382f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-11-23T17:24:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseCitogeneticaMorcegos.pdf: 2267189 bytes, checksum: 170b09d0e099f5761f466fa972ff382f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T17:24:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseCitogeneticaMorcegos.pdf: 2267189 bytes, checksum: 170b09d0e099f5761f466fa972ff382f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-29 / FAPESPA - Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas / Pela primeira vez foram estudadas citogeneticamente morcegos da família Emballonuridae provenientes da Amazônia brasileira. As espécies estudadas foram Cormura brevirostris-CBR (2n=22; NF=40), Rhynchonycteris naso-RNA (2n=22 e NF=36), Saccopteryx canescens-SCA (2n=24 e FN=38) e Saccopteryx leptura-SLE (2n=28 e NF=38), caracterizadas por bandeamento G, C, NOR e por Hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH). Em CBR os cariótipos encontrados apresentaram os mesmos números diplóide e fundamental já descritos na literatura. FISH com sondas de DNA ribossomal e impregnação com nitrato de prata revelaram dois sítios de NOR e hibridizações com sondas teloméricas evidenciaram marcações nos centrômeros de todos os cromossomos, exceto o Y. Através de estudos meióticos, bandeamentos cromossômicos e FISH utilizando sondas totais do cromossomo X de Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) sugerimos que o par sexual dessa espécie é diferente daquele descrito na literatura. Células em diplóteno-diacinese apresentaram uma conformação em anel envolvendo quatro pares de cromossomos, sugerindo a ocorrência de múltiplas translocações recíprocas envolvendo esses cromossomos, fato esse raro em vertebrados e inédito em mamíferos eutérios. A análise de RNA, SCA e SLE indicam que os cariótipos de Emballonuridae são conservados mesmo comparando espécimes afastados geograficamente, mas a análise do bandeamento C indica que podem ocorrer variações intraespecíficas a nível de heterocromatina constitutiva. Pela primeira vez as regiões organizadoras de nucléolos foram descritas revelando marcações em um par de cromossomos em cada espécie analisada. A FISH com sondas de DNA Ribossomal 18S coincidiram com as marcações da prata. FISH com sondas teloméricas humanas revelaram marcações distais em todos os cromossomos. Esses trabalhos são importantes para compreender a biodiversidade de morcegos da região amazônica, bem como a compreensão da evolução cromossômica de Chiroptera. / This is the first description of the karyotypes of bats of the family Emballonuridae from the Brazilian Amazon region. The species studied were Cormura brevirostris-CBR (2n=22; NF=40), Rhynchonycteris naso-RNA (2n=22 and NF=36), Saccopteryx canescens-SCA (2n=24 and FN=38) and Saccopteryx leptura-SLE (2n=28 and NF=38), characterized by G-, C-banding, NOR-staining and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH). In CBR the karyotypes found had the same diploid number and fundamental number than in literature. FISH with ribosomal DNA probes and Ag-NOR staining showed two NOR places. Hybridization with telomeric probes showed that the sequences were found in the centromeres of all chromosomes but the Y. Using meiotic studies, chromosome banding and FISH with a whole X chromosome probe from Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) we suggest that the sex chromosome pair of this species is not the one described in the literature. Cells in diploid and diakinesis had a ring conformation with four chromosome pairs, what suggests multiple reciprocal translocations among these chromosomes, a very rare situation in vertebrates and never found in eutherian mammals. The analyses of RNA, SCA and SLE shows that the karyotypes of Emballonuridae are very conservative even when compared with samples collected geographically very far, but the C-banding analyses shows that it can happen intraspecific variations in the constitutive heterochromatin. For the first time the Nucleolar Organizer Regions were described, showing a stained pair of chromosomes on each analyzed species. The FISH with 18S rDNA probes agrees with the Ag-NOR staining. FISH with human telomeric probes showed hybridizations in the distal portion of all chromosomes. These works are Important to understand the biodiversity of bats from the Amazon region, as well as the comprehension of the chromosomal evolution of Chiroptera.

The Middle East is occupied by three species of family Emballonuridae which are morfologically divided into several subspecies. Those could be defined only poorly and intraspecific diversity of these species is resolved unsatisfactorily. This is the reason why the molecular genetic analysis, which can revise the diversity on the new unused level, were used in this thesis. Based on data from sequencing of both mitochondrial and nuclear markers the phylogenetic analysis was performed. That analysis adds new information about interspecific and intraspecific relationships among populations of this family in this area. Bats (Chiroptera) of the family Emballonuridae are characterised by tail perforating the uropatagial membrane on its dorsal side in the half of its lenght and by reduction of the phalangi which makes long and narrow wing. The family is widespread circumtropically and is divided into two subfamilies. The subfamily Emballonurinae could be sometimes diveded into two tribes, new-world Diclidurini and old-world Emballonurini. The representatives of the subfamily Taphozoinae occur only in the Old World. Middle East is occupied by three species of this family. Coleura afra inhabits only southern Arabic peninsula and the populations from this area are ranked in subspecies C. a. gallarum....