Land has always been the focus of public debates among scholars, policy makers and local populations due to its scarcity in face of population explosion and rapid urban growth. This is particularly so in the case of China. In order to support an unprecedented rate of urbanization, the institutional mechanism of land expropriation has been widely adopted by the government of the People's Republic of China over the last three decades. However, the effect of this institutional mechanism in rural China has become increasingly controversial. On one side, it is one of the most powerful tools to assemble land for urban development. Moreover, by means of land expropriation and land conveyance, local governments are capable of collecting substantial revenues to fund urban development. On the other side, the exclusive power of local governments over land expropriation, which is derived from the land management system, makes it possible for local governments to manipulate the price at which land is taken from farmers. In practice, local governments expropriate suburban or rural land at a low price and then lease it at a much higher price in land market. Therefore, inequitable compensation for land expropriation has led to numerous conflicts and social tensions between local governments and land-loss farmers. The issue of land expropriation and compensation has been identified as one of most primary sources of social discontents and complaints. Even though a growing number of studies have been conducted on the urbanization and regional development in China, a thorough cause–effect elaboration of the issue of land expropriation and compensation in rural China has rarely been carried out within the political regime. This thesis analyzes the institutional framework of land expropriation and compensation in rural China from the perspectives of property rights and land management system. In addition, it discloses the opportunities for Chinese legal system to solve this issue by borrowing legal norms, wisdoms and experience from other jurisdiction, such as the United States and Germany. Furthermore, it aims to improve and reconstruct the legal framework of compensation by elaborating the concept of long-term reciprocity. Three primary questions would be elaborated in this thesis. Is the compensation for land expropriation in rural China equitable? If the compensation is not equitable, how has such an inequity been caused? And most importantly, how to improve the compensability of land expropriation? / published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

No abstract available. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1983.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 108 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-97).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, 2008. / Adviser: Susan Lawrence. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Notre Dame, 2004. / Thesis directed by Michael Zuckert for the Department of Political Science. "December 2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-41).

手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 338-342). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 / Chapter 第二章 --- 初期的菲化運動（一九三四´ؤ´ؤ四四） / Chapter 第一節 --- 天然富源、土地與公共企業菲化條文 / Chapter 第二節 --- 零售業、勞工、米黍與簿記菲化之建議 / Chapter 第三節 --- 反對外僑子女菲化案 / Chapter 第四節 --- 奎松總統言論之分析 / Chapter 第三章 --- 第二階段的菲化運動（一九四六´ؤ´ؤ一九五三） / Chapter 第一節 --- 菲化運動的提案 / Chapter 第二節 --- 公共菜市菲化案 / Chapter 第三節 --- 銀行與專門職業之菲化 / Chapter 第四節 --- 入口統制與外匯統制 / Chapter 第四章 --- 菲化運動的高潮（一九五四´ؤ´ؤ一九六一） / Chapter 第一節 --- 風起雲湧的菲化提案 / Chapter 第二節 --- 零售商業菲化律及其影響 / Chapter 第三節 --- 米黍業菲化律 / Chapter 第四節 --- 反傀儡律與龔馬加溜案 / Chapter 第五節 --- 教育菲化案 / Chapter 第六節 --- 入境限制與歸化條件 / Chapter 第五章 --- 菲化運動之原因分析 / Chapter 第一節 --- 偏激民族主義之作祟 / Chapter 第二節 --- 對共產主義滲透之恐懼 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中國文化之不可同化性 / Chapter 第六章 --- 最近菲化運動的趨勢（一九六二´ؤ´ؤ六八） / Chapter 第一節 --- 國民黨失敗之原因 / Chapter 第二節 --- 馬加巴牙對華僑之政策 / Chapter 第三節 --- 馬可仕對華僑的態度 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 零售商業菲化律 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 米黍業菲化律 / Chapter 附錄三 --- 反傀儡律 / 參考書目

Thesis. 1977. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Catherine Lu. / M.C.P.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Göttingen, 1970. / Bibliography: p. viii-xxxii.

No description available.

This study offers the first instalment of a general history of land acquisition in British India, c. 1894–1927. It advances eight principal theses: (i) that the first law of land acquisition was enacted in 1668, as part of a political settlement by the East India Company with the Portuguese landlords of Bombay island; (ii) that, to a remarkable degree, land acquisition law was shaped in the interest of the sterling railway companies; (iii) that the state habitually used land acquisition not so much to effect non- consensual transfers but to ‘launder’ titles free of encumbrances and other claims; (iv) that the primary beneficiaries of land acquisition were public bodies, the sterling railway companies, and elite private interests; (v) that the executive was hostile to legislative and judicial oversight of land acquisition, and successfully resisted or co-opted attempts to impose such oversight; (vi) that the courts were in any event content with the role they were assigned under the 1894 Act, and generally deferred to the executive in land acquisition cases; (vii) that the land-acquiring executive, although hostile to and unencumbered by meaningful legislative and judicial oversight, as a general rule displayed a legal fastidiousness; (viii) that, despite an appearance of impartiality, land acquisition bore the stain of imperialism. These theses are advanced in the course of explaining the failure of the forgotten Kelkar Bill (1927), an attempt by the Maharashtrian nationalist N. C. Kelkar (1872–1947) to enact far-reaching amendments to the Land Acquisition Act 1894. Kelkar’s fellow nationalists withheld their open support from the measure and thereby guaranteed its failure: a counterintuitive choice that, it is argued, exemplifies the tactical compromises of nationalism.