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Inter-pollutant and reactivity-weighted air pollutant emission trading in TexasWang, Linlin, January 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Evaluating the air quality impacts of NO[subscript x] emission tradingNobel, Carolyn Eve. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.
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Dynamic analysis of sulfur dioxide monthly emissions in U.S. power plantsKim, Tae-Kyung, January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 218 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Jean Michael Guldmann, City and Regional Planning Graduate Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-133).
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The welfare consequences of carbon tax reform in open economies the application of computable general equilibrium model for Pennsylvania /Bae, Jeong Hwan. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2005. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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An economic analysis of acid rain and emissions reduction in Northeast AsiaMalla, Sunil. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-169).
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Incorporating Agroforestry Into Water Quality Trading: Evaluating Economic-Environmental TradeoffsScott, Samuel George 05 September 2019 (has links)
Nonpoint source nitrogen runoff from agriculture is a significant contributor to eutrophication in the Chesapeake Bay. The state of Virginia has developed several market and incentive-based water quality credit trading programs to meet federal water quality objectives. In theory, these programs offer a mechanism to achieve environmental goals at least cost. However, in practice these programs face ongoing challenges arising from limited participation by farmers who supply water quality credits and, as a result, often fail to achieve cost efficiency. We build a flexible, accessible, and modular bioeconomic modeling system as a proof-of-concept to evaluate economic-environmental tradeoffs farmers face in an effort to support program participation and achieve environmental goals. We couple a biophysical nitrogen mass-balance model with an agricultural production model and apply the tool to study diverse agroforestry practices. We evaluate the relative efficiency of these practices by empirically estimating a production possibility frontier. We then use our bioeconomic modeling results to define the minimum willingness to accept of farmers, in terms of water quality credit prices, to adopt agroforestry practices that deliver water quality improvements. We extend our model results to estimate water quality credit premiums to compensate risk-averse farmers for undertaking production practices subject to relatively volatile prices in niche fruit markets. We demonstrate that the model generally simulates real-world credit prices, and highlight potential improvements in design for Virginia's trading program. In particular, quality credit trading programs could be more effective and efficient if credits awards reflect heterogeneity in the environmental benefits associated with nuanced land-use alternatives. Our modeling tool offers a framework to support incentive programs that are both economically sound and biophysically grounded. / Master of Science / High levels of nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay have become an environmental concern for regulatory agencies. A significant portion of nitrogen pollution in the Chesapeake Bay comes from agricultural activities in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Agricultural nitrogen pollution is not directly regulated at the federal level, so some states have adopted market-based mechanisms to curb emissions. However, some of these programs are seeing less farmer participation than expected. We suggest that part of the low participation rates may be due to program design, and the impact risk plays in farmer decision-making. In an effort to better understand participation in the programs, we develop a method to model these programs’ environmental and economic outcomes. Our method couples a mechanistic model of nitrogen pollution with an agricultural production model and evaluates tradeoffs between economic and environmental values. We find that the modeling method shows promise as a tool for policymakers, researchers, and farmers interested in pollution abatement programs. As a proof-of-concept, we apply the model to a Virginia market-based program and test our low-participation hypotheses. We find that the programs may be more effective if they recognize a greater diversity of farming practices. Our modeling tool offers a framework to support pollution abatement programs that are both economically feasible and environmentally effective.
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Constructing an international market for carbon trading : an institutional perspective /Knox, Janelle Kallie, January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (D.Phil.)--University of Oxford, 2009. / Supervisor: Professor Gordon L. Clark. Bibliography: leaves 239-260.
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Emissions trading scheme for South Africa : opportunities and challengesJooste, Dustin 03 1900 (has links)
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report aims to determine whether an emissions trading scheme or carbon tax is the
most suitable market-based emissions reduction mechanism for South Africa, given its multiple
environmental, social and economic objectives. Key factors considered in this comparison include:
environmental effectiveness; economic efficiency; social welfare impacts; public finance
considerations; administrative complexity and costs; and, finally, the relationship to global
greenhouse gas reduction mechanisms. These factors are compared in the short and long term to
determine which mechanism is most likely to deliver South Africa’s emissions reduction targets
within the given time frames. The comparison of these factors involves a non-empirical literature
review, followed by a rating of the mechanisms in order to distil a best fit in terms of the various
aspects of an effective emissions reduction mechanism, taking into account the specific needs and
conditions of South Africa.
The research found that, in the short term, a carbon tax was best suited to the South African
context. This is because of the fiscal certainty inherent in this mechanism, which provides clear
price signals and a stable public income. However, the reasons for these comparative advantages
over an emissions trading scheme relate to the long lead times and structure of the latter
mechanism, which requires years of implementation and favours environmental effectiveness over
economic efficiency. Further reasons include a lack of understanding and buy-in in terms of
market-based mechanisms, a situation that favours familiarity over effectiveness in some
instances. Taking these issues into account, the research shows that an emissions trading scheme
is better suited to the South African context in the long term. Once properly implemented, this
mechanism provides superior results in terms of the above-mentioned factors, and specifically in
terms of environmental effectiveness and the potential for benefit through international integration.
This research report concludes that the South African government has failed to take a long-term
view of the mechanisms available for emissions reduction, choosing instead to implement a carbon
tax, which favours economic growth at the expense of the environment and future generations. A
general lack of understanding of the structures and opportunity costs of the two mechanisms
necessitates an investigation by government of the applicability and structure of an emissions
trading scheme in the South African context before market-based mechanisms can play an
effective part in the future development of the country’s environmental regulatory regime.
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Policies to Reduce CO2 Emissions: Fallacies and Evidence from the United States and CaliforniaGranados, José A. Tapia, Spash, Clive L. January 2019 (has links) (PDF)
Since the 1990s, advocates of policy to prevent catastrophic climate change have been divided over
the appropriate economic instruments to curb CO2 emissions-carbon taxes or schemes of emission
trading. Barack Obama claimed that policies implemented during his presidency set in motion
irreversible trends toward a clean-energy economy, with the years 2008-2015 given as evidence of
decoupling between CO2 emissions and economic growth. This is despite California being the only
state in the USA that has implemented a specific policy to curb emissions, a cap-and-trade scheme in
place since 2013. To assess Obama's claims and the effectiveness of policies to reduce CO2
emissions, we analyze national and state-level data from the USA over the period 1990-2015. We
find: (a) annual changes in emissions strongly correlated with the growth conditions of the economy;
(b) no evidence for decoupling; and (c) a trajectory of CO2 emissions in California which does not at
all support the claim that the cap-and-trade system implemented there has reduced CO2 emissions. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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The evolution of offsets and the dawn of emissions trading marketsKetzback, Thor William 15 May 2009 (has links)
Arnold Winfred Reitze, Jr. / George Washington University, School of Law
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