Gegenwärtig stellen die fossilen Ressourcen Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle die wichtigste Rohstoffbasis für die Energie- und Chemiewirtschaft dar. Doch ist ein Wechsel zu erneuerbaren Rohstoffen in greifbare Nähe gerückt. Hierbei muss insbesondere die pflanzliche Biomasse und das daraus erhältliche Bioethanol als nahezu unerschöpfliche Rohstoffquelle betrachtet werden. Neben der energetischen Nutzung von Bioethanol kann es darüber hinaus als Plattformchemikalie zum Aufbau neuer Chemikalienstammbäume verwendet werden. / The fossil resources oil, natural gas and coal are currently the most important fuels and raw materials for the energy and chemicals industries. A switch to renewable resources, however, is now within grasp. In this context, crop-based biomass and the bioethanol which can be obtained therefrom can be seen as practically inexhaustible sources of raw materials. Alongside the use of bioethanol as a fuel, it could also serve as a platform chemical for new derivative product families.

This thesis deals with renewable energy sources with a focus on the biogas plant as a new form of diversification of farm activities. In the theses is characterized renewable energy source of energy, their development and tools for their support in the European Union and the Czech Republic. At the same time provides the legislative framework for the support of renewable energy sources. Describes the development of biogas plants in the Czech Republic, lists the various types of biogas plants, the principles of their operationn and types of purchase of electricity. The work focuses on the characterization and comparison of two technologically different biogas plants for two years, which are operated in farms. These biogass plants compares between each other by analysis of the costs and revenues related to the production of electricity. At the same time, the thesis analyzed the external and internal environment of these biogas plants

The subject matter of the diploma thesis is to focus of natural resources of the Czech Republic and Ireland. Firstly, the renewable and non-renewable resources of both countries are mentioned, the politics and approaches are presented. Also the problems of (in) exhaustibility and environmental impacts are discussed. The aim is choose one commodity, based on outcome of multicriterial method used, and focus on this one commodity only, as the topic is very broad. The author analyses and compares the best alternative given for each country and also altogether. Subsequently, the topic is shortened on energy politics of alternative resources only. Lastly the author focuses on problematic of biomass, deals with the market in both countries, compares the options of individual alternative resource and gives conclusion and recommendation to both countries. Finally the future of alternative resources is presented and discussed.

Obezita představuje ve vyspělých zemích závažný zdravotní problém a hlavní rizikový faktor rozvoje kardiovaskulárních onemocnění, cukrovky 2. typu, nemocí pohybového aparátu a některých nádorových onemocnění. Je také provázena řadou komplikací a výrazně zhoršuje kvalitu života. 27 pacientů, kteří byli hospitalizováni za účelem redukce hmotnosti na oddělení D3 III. interní kliniky Všeobecné fakultní nemocnice v Praze v období ledna až počátku dubna roku 2017 byli sledováni z hlediska výskytu komorbidit a příjmu a výdeje energie za použití aplikace kaloricketabulky.cz, portálu casprozdravi.cz a krokoměrů Garmin Vivofit. Byla hodnocena vhodnost bioimpedanční metody pro sledování změn složení těla pacientů během redukčních pobytů za použití přístroje InBody S10. V souladu s teorií se ve sledované skupině pacientů vyskytovala v důsledku extrémní obezity celá řada komplikací. Diagnostická kritéria pro metabolický syndrom splňovalo 23 (85%) pacientů. Rozdílné hodnoty obsahu energie a jednotlivých živin v aplikacích kaloricketabulky.cz a Nutriservis jsou příčinou průměrného denního rozdílu 717 kJ mezi záznamy pacientů a nemocničním rozpisem. Průměrně pacienti ušli denně 4713 kroků. Pacienti průměrně zredukovali hmotnost o 7,6 kg (SD ±3,54). Bioimpedanční metoda vykazuje příliš vysokou variabilitu a není...

Práce analyzuje faktory ovlivňující hlubší spolupráci států EU v sektoru energetiky a možnost vytvoření společné energetické politiky. Zaměřuje se na hlavní překážky větší integrace v tomto sektoru, především na problematiku strategičnosti odvětví, jaderné energie, národní rozdíly mezi státy a rozdílné postoje členských států k hlavním dodavatelům energií do EU. Rozebírá energetické politiky vybraných členských států a hodnotí současné strategie EU, které mají vést k vytvoření hlubší spolupráce. Poukazuje na energetickou bezpečnost jednotlivých států i EU jako celku a s tím související rostoucí závislost na dovozech energií.

The thesis is aimed to the study of spiropyrane behavior in polymeric matrix of poly(N-vinylkarbazole) (PVK) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(3´,7´-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-fenylenvinylene)] (MDMO-PPV). The photochromic transformation of spiropyrane to its isomeric merocyanine form (SPMC) was studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy. It was found, that photochromic reaction is markedly dependent on the environment. In the PVK polymer, which don’t absorb in the visible region, a high yield of photochromic reaction was achieved. Both, absorption and emission spectrums were observed for this system. From the measurement of time dependencies of the fotochromic reaction, the activation energy of the reverse reaction was determined. A different behavior, particularly in emissive spectrums, was found for the MDMO-PPV polymer doped with spiropyrane. Instead of formation of new band of merocyanine, decrease of the polymer fluorescence was observed. Subsequently, we studied the interaction between the polymeric matrix and the photochromic spiropyrane using fluorescence quenching method. On the basis of energy transfer theory, a critical radius of the fluorescence quenching sphere in solution and in solid was determined.

Homolytic dissociation of the N-NO2 bond represents primary fission process of energetic materials under the influence of heat, impact, vibration and electric spark. The fission of nitramide bonds is characterized by homolytic bond dissociation energy BDE(RCON-NO2) or disproportionation bond energy DISP(RCON-NO2), which is expressed by an isodesmic reaction RCON-NO2 + SCON-H › RCON-H + SCON NO2, where SCON NO2 is a standard nitramide (1-nitropiperidin-2-on, NPO). This kind of virtual chemical calculation cancels the effect of electron correlation, accompanying the theoretical calculations of free radicals. In this thesis, the homolytic dissociation bond energy BDE(RCON-NO2) and disproportionation bond energy DISP(RCON-NO2) were evaluated for 13 cyclic nitramides using the DFT B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) method and at the same time the total charges of corresponding nitro groups Q(NO2) were calculated by DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. The evaluated BDE and DISP energies were correlated with detonation parameters as squares of detonation velocities and detonation heats. The resulting relationships allow a more detailed description of dependence between the molecular structure of evaluated nitramides and their explosive properties.

The thesis focuses on a proposal of making maintenance and control of a small hydroelectric power station more effective. It is adjusted to the concrete situation and contains a selection of management, suitable technology, design of network infrastructure and description of an active element configuration with an appropriate proposition of financing. Then the final directions for installation and usage of a remote control system of the power station are presented as the result of this thesis.

The thesis "Who saves or does not save the energy: Uncovering the reasons for practicing energy-saving activities in households" identifies the segments which tend to (not) perform selected household energy saving activities and discover the reasons behind the (non) practicing these activities. The author uses both quantitative and qualitative approach. By quantitative approach, the author analyzes data from pilot project PURGE in order to identify segments which are more likely to do selected activities. Emphasis is placed on class position. The author's own qualitative survey by semi-structured interviews identifies the reasons behind this activities. Generally, the author discovered that the upper classes practice energy- saving activities more often than the lower classes which is consistent with findings that lower classes tend to perform habitual behavior and rely on technology and upper classes tend to calculate and study the effect of these activities. Among lowest educational category are (compared with other educational groups) more people who leave always or often turned on the television or radio, even when no one is watching. Women state more likely than men that they never turn down heating when leaving home for more than four hours, what corresponds to findings that arise from...

Gegenwärtig stellen die fossilen Ressourcen Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle die wichtigste Rohstoffbasis für die Energie- und Chemiewirtschaft dar. Doch ist ein Wechsel zu erneuerbaren Rohstoffen in greifbare Nähe gerückt. Hierbei muss insbesondere die pflanzliche Biomasse und das daraus erhältliche Bioethanol als nahezu unerschöpfliche Rohstoffquelle betrachtet werden. Neben der energetischen Nutzung von Bioethanol kann es darüber hinaus als Plattformchemikalie zum Aufbau neuer Chemikalienstammbäume verwendet werden. / The fossil resources oil, natural gas and coal are currently the most important fuels and raw materials for the energy and chemicals industries. A switch to renewable resources, however, is now within grasp. In this context, crop-based biomass and the bioethanol which can be obtained therefrom can be seen as practically inexhaustible sources of raw materials. Alongside the use of bioethanol as a fuel, it could also serve as a platform chemical for new derivative product families.